The most effective prevention method is drinking water. Water is the cheapest and most effective way to prevent stone recurrence. For patients who are prone to stones or who already have them, drinking water is of first importance. Drinking water is a delicate matter, can not just drink, we have a few misconceptions (to be corrected). Drinks and water are two different things, water is water, drinks are drinks, which must be clearly distinguished. The water we are talking about is plain water, not drinks, not cola, not tea, which is two different things. Drinking water is particularly concerned about before going to bed, that is, before going to bed, drink 200 milliliters of water. A little more can be, more than equal to 200 milliliters, why? Because we are at night, the urine will be concentrated, concentrated after the urinary crystalline salts will be deposited, deposited to form crystals, day after day, the formation of stones, so drink 200 ml of water at night, in the middle of the ability to get up once, the urinary tract to flush once, the formation of uric acid salts, urinary crystallization of the possibility of a small, small possibility of stones. Another point is to prevent stones from diet. Many people ask, how to prevent it from the diet, the actual every patient or every doctor, to the patient discharged out of the stone specimens, to do a stone composition analysis, if it is the uric acid stones, can minimize purine food, is red meat, like beef, pork, beer, coffee, animal offal, and even seafood, these are high in purine, these should be avoided as much as possible to avoid, avoided on the may delay the recurrence. If calcium oxalate stones, try to eat some low oxalic acid, like spinach is very high in oxalic acid, you should eat less. If the calcium stones are mainly calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, like these (stones) should eat less animal protein, like fish, meat, animal protein and high sugar foods should be eaten less, calcium stones may come down. Like some infected stones, the main thing is to control the infection. The third is the drug, how to drug prevention? The actual drug prevention, the only more useful drug prevention, is the uric acid stones. The first can lower uric acid, can use allopurinol, colchicine these drugs to lower the blood uric acid. Another point is that you can alkalize the urine, alkalize the urine there is a drug called potassium sodium citrate, which is a strong base and weak acid salt, can make the PH value in the urine increase, uric acid will be dissolved. Infected stones, I just said, or to control the infection, this is very important. The fourth is the treatment of the cause, the treatment of the cause is very important, if the cause is removed, the cause is the cause, then the effect will not be there, the stone will not grow. If there is obstruction in the urinary tract, obstruction at the junction of UPJ, ureter, and renal pelvis, and it is done to pass, the ureteral stenosis is done to pass, and it is cleared up (the stone) may be gone. Another is hyperparathyroidism, some patients have parathyroid tumor, cut off the tumor, (stone) may be gone; renal tubular acidosis, generally corrected may not grow stones. Therefore, many stones can be prevented, we must have this (prevention) awareness, including doctors and patients, can reduce the recurrence rate (stones) down. Let’s talk about the relationship between stone recurrence and exercise. Can exercise prevent stone recurrence or not? Many people have a misunderstanding that more physical activity, is it true that it will increase the recurrence of stones? Because you do a lot of strenuous exercise, physical labor, there will be a lot of sweat, after sweating (there is no water to take the stones away) right, there is not much urine to take away the salt crystals in the urinary tract. The actual is not so, because in the exercise, to keep drinking water, although part of the water through the sweat out, but still part of the water will be excreted through the urine, the actual survey – a U.S. expert recently did a bulk case investigation, postmenopausal women are very easy to grow stones, if this group of postmenopausal women. If this group of postmenopausal women can jog or walk for one to two hours a day, it is much less likely to suffer from stones than those who do not exercise, about 35% less. Why is that? Because without exercise, the urinary salts in the urine, calcium, oxalate, phosphate may be easy to deposit, it is easy to form crystals, precipitated from the urine, the accumulation of time, may be easy to grow stones.