How to prevent and treat epididymal stones?

Epididymal stones are also known medically as seminal vesicle stones, and stones that occur within the seminal vesicles are called seminal vesicle stones. It is extremely rare clinically. Due to chronic inflammation of the seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct obstruction, seminal vesicle fluid retention, metabolic disorders, etc. caused by inorganic salt crystals deposited on the shedding of epithelial cells and inflammatory exudate formation. Stones are often multiple, generally small, 1-2 millimeters in size, the surface is smooth and hard brown. Seminal vesicle stones can occur singly or in multiples, and rarely show symptoms, occasionally see blood sperm, ejaculation pain or perineal discomfort. Seminal vesicle stones are rare, round, hard and smooth. Asymptomatic seminal vesicle stones can be left untreated; if symptoms occur or obstruction worsens, symptomatic and anti-infective treatments are available. There is no evidence that lithotripsy is effective. Seminal vesicle stones combined with prostatic hyperplasia, the diameter of 1.2mm or less, after prostatectomy to relieve the ejaculatory duct obstruction factors, there is a possibility of self-discharge. If the internal medicine treatment is not effective and the symptoms are more serious and the patient has already had children, the only effective treatment is to remove the seminal vesicles together with the stones. For infertile patients with partial vasovaginal obstruction caused by seminal vesicle stones, since their testicular spermatogenesis is still normal, depending on the degree of inflammation, especially at the early stage of infection, the quality of semen can be improved through the application of antibiotics or a small amount of prednisone treatment to make the inflammation subside. If the obstruction of the vas deferens tract is more serious, urethroscopic longitudinal incision of the posterior urethra or resection of the seminal caruncle can be used, and the indigo carmine injected through the vas deferens is seen in the surgical field during the operation, which proves that the operation has been effected thoroughly, and the quality of spermatozoa improves in 45-60% of the patients after the operation, and the pregnancy rate reaches 29-35%, but attention should be paid to avoiding injury to the rectum and the urethra during the operation. Spermatozoa stones to the vas deferens obstruction caused by serious infertility, artificial insemination can be used. Some people also use the spermatophore made of silicone to plant under the skin, connect it to the epididymal duct, and then puncture the semen in the spermatophore for artificial insemination. Successful pregnancies have been reported, and the technique is constantly being improved.