Objective To explore the application of ureteroscopy in patients with scoliosis deformity combined with ureteral stones. METHODS A total of 7 patients with single ureteral stone combined with scoliosis admitted to our center from October 2002 to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were 5 males and 2 females, aged 16-42 years old, with stone diameters of 0.6-1.2 cm, 6 stones located in the upper part of the ureter and 1 in the lower part, 2 cases with scoliosis angles greater than 60 degrees and 5 cases with angles less than 60 degrees, 5 cases with ureteral stones in the direction of the scoliosis, and 2 cases with ureteral stones in the direction of the scoliosis on the opposite side of the ureter. All of them were operated by tracheal intubation with general anesthesia and F8/9.8 Wolf ureteroscopy. Results: 6 cases of ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy were successfully performed, all of which were ureteral stones on the side in the direction of scoliosis, including 1 case of patient with scoliosis angle greater than 60 degrees; 1 case of patient with scoliosis angle greater than 60 degrees, and the stone was located in the upper ureter on the side opposite to the direction of scoliosis; due to the large angle of ureteral tortuosity, it was difficult to enter the ureteral endoscope with rigid ureteroscope; since there was no ureteroscopy at the Center, a zebra catheter guide was performed to guide and drain the patient. Since there is no flexible ureteroscope in our center, we performed zebra catheter guidance, tube drainage, and ESWL after surgery, which also achieved satisfactory results. Conclusion: Ureteroscopic pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy combined with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a simple and effective treatment for patients with scoliosis complicated by ureteral stones. The angle of scoliosis does not affect the access to the scope in general, and ureteral stones on the same side of scoliosis are easier to be successfully fragmented in one stage due to the superficial location of the kidney on the other side and lighter ureteral tortuosity, and it is harder to access the scope with the hard ureteroscope for the opposite side of kidney due to the deep location and heavy ureteral tortuosity. On the other hand, the opposite side of the kidney is deeper and the ureteral tortuosity is heavier, so the ureteral rigid scope is more difficult to enter, and the ureteral flexible scope combined with holmium laser lithotripsy may have a higher success rate.