1. Respiratory function recovery: Pulmonary infection is a common complication after surgical procedures. Coughing up sputum is not only very necessary but also doable for postoperative patients, and coughing is an effective measure to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications. However, because postoperative patients are afraid of pain and dare not cough, resulting in the accumulation of secretions in the trachea. If patients have a long-term smoking habit before surgery, or if they get cold or flu during or after surgery, they can increase the secretions in the bronchus, which can easily cause lung atelectasis and lung infection. Usually you can cough when you are awake back in the room, the earlier the better, and if you are very tired, then you must sit up and cough up sputum the next morning. When the patient coughs and excretes sputum, it is better to take a semi-recumbent or semi-sitting position, or the patient’s preferred position; ask the patient to press the wound with his hand, so that the lung expansion is limited to reduce pain, and the companion holds the patient with his hand and taps the patient’s back with five fingers together, from the bottom up or from the top down, repeatedly, so that the patient can do effective coughing and excrete sputum as much as possible; if the sputum is more sticky and not easy to cough out, tell the medical staff to do it first. If the sputum is thicker and not easy to cough up, tell the medical personnel to do nebulized inhalation first to dilute the sputum and then pat the back to help cough up and help it to be expelled. When you don’t cough, don’t press hard, just support and press again when you cough next time. 2. Prevent lower limb venous thrombosis: Closed chest drainage, infusion and cardiac monitoring will restrict the patient’s bedtime activities. During bedtime, the patient should take the initiative to perform lower limb extension and flexion exercises to promote lower limb blood circulation and prevent the formation of lower limb deep vein thrombosis. 3. Prevention of postoperative complications: Lung infection and wound infection are common complications after open-heart surgery, which not only increase the patient’s postoperative recovery pain, aggravate the economic expenses, but even threaten life in serious cases, so the prevention of postoperative complications must attract our attention. We should: (1) ensure the air circulation in the ward, open the window at least twice a day for at least 30 minutes each time (2) prevent cross-infection, reduce the number of escorts and visitors (3) ensure the neatness of the bed unit, visiting escorts do not sit on the bed, the uniform is contaminated with blood and ooze and replaced in time (4) effective coughing and sputum excretion is also an important means to prevent lung infection 4. After surgery, due to the long incision, intraoperative bracing or broken ribs, patients are often afraid to move the arm on the operated side due to pain, resulting in a limited range of shoulder joint movement. Therefore, after surgery, patients should be instructed to perform functional exercises of the shoulder joint, mainly for supination and abduction. During the period of bed rest, the patient should take the initiative or be assisted by the accompanying family members to perform forward and backward rotational exercises of the shoulder joint and to raise the arm on the operated side, which can be done gradually. After getting out of bed, wall climbing exercises can be performed by: stretching the arm out flat on the side of the body, standing an arm’s length away from the wall, climbing the fingers along the wall, keeping the arm straight, while climbing up with the hand, moving the foot towards the wall, continuing to climb up higher than the head, slowly climbing down in the opposite direction after the body leans against the wall, and returning the body to the original position. 5. Postoperative diet: After awakening from anesthesia, if there is no nausea and vomiting, you can eat a liquid diet and gradually return to a normal diet. Avoid sweet food and flatulent food (milk, soy milk), because sweet food can promote the increase of respiratory secretions. 6, closed chest drainage: that is, chest tube, this tube is placed in the chest cavity to drain the chest fluid. Patients with upper lobe lung resection will be left with two chest tubes on the same side, with the upper tube mainly for venting and the lower tube mainly for draining fluid. The chest tube is clamped closed for total lung resection to prevent the mediastinum from shifting to the healthy side and affecting the respiratory capacity.