Pain in the shoulder area is a very common example in life, but not every pain is caused by frozen shoulder (although in the eyes of our shoulder and elbow specialists this diagnosis is like a garbage can that can hold all the diagnoses of shoulder disorders, but I still use this concept below for your convenience). The following is a general description of the possible causes of pain in the shoulder area. 1. Frozen shoulder is a chronic sterile inflammation of the soft tissues around the shoulder joint such as muscles, tendons, bursa and joint capsule. The inflammation leads to adhesions inside and outside the joint, thus affecting the movement of the shoulder joint. The lesions are characterized by widespread, i.e., widespread pain, widespread functional limitation, and widespread pressure pain. The full name of frozen shoulder is periarthritis of the shoulder joint. The disease occurs in people around 50 years old, so it is also known as fifty shoulder. After the disease, the shoulder joint cannot move, as if it is frozen or frozen, so it is called frozen shoulder. 2. Shoulder lock joint dislocation is a term describing damage to the various ligaments in the shoulder lock joint. First degree injury: the acromioclavicular ligament is stretched; second degree sprain: the acromioclavicular ligament is ruptured and the rostral ligament is stretched; third degree sprain: both the acromioclavicular and rostral ligaments are ruptured. 3. Clavicle fractures are very common in children and often occur when the shoulder is fallen laterally or when it is supported by reaching down. The clavicle is often broken in the middle. Another fracture caused by reaching down for support is a fracture of the neck of the humerus, which tends to occur in the elderly. Pathological bone may be caused by benign tumors or metastatic cancer in the chest, lungs, kidneys, etc. 4. The most easily dislocated joint in the human body is the shoulder joint, which is often presented as anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. Abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint are most likely to cause the humeral head to slide forward in the scapular glenoid and slip out of the scapular glenoid fossa. Glenohumeral subluxation frequently occurs in patients with hemiplegia after stroke. Paralysis of the shoulder muscles causes them to no longer maintain the humeral head in the scapular glenoid fossa. The paralysis of the muscles and the accompanying prolonged force of gravity on the arm can lead to subluxation of the shoulder joint. Both fractures and dislocations are very serious traumas of the shoulder joint, but in clinical practice we do encounter some patients who think they have soft tissue injuries and will be fine after a little rest, but when they really can’t function, they come to the clinic and find out that there is no chance of treatment to restore normal function, so this should still be taken seriously by the majority of patients and they should seek medical attention if they are uncomfortable! 5. Glenoid labral tears are usually associated with anterior dislocation or subluxation of the shoulder joint and degenerative damage. Simple glenoid labrum tears without shoulder instability can occur in young athletes in throwing, wrestling, boxing, etc. 6. Shoulder impingement syndrome is a condition in which the soft tissues of the subacromial space (located between the acromion and the humeral head) are compressed, producing an overuse injury. The soft tissues include the rostro-humeral ligament, rotator cuff muscle group, long head of the biceps, and subacromial bursa. One type of shoulder impingement syndrome often occurs in swimmers, especially in freestyle, butterfly, and backstroke. 7. Damage to the rotator cuff muscle groups involves the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the distal stop of the lesser trochanter located at the greater and lesser tuberosities of the humerus. Tears can be caused by trauma or degeneration. Chronic inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon can lead to an accumulation of calcium stores, which can eventually lead to calcific tendonitis. 8, Subacromial bursitis: There is a large mucous bursa between the supraspinatus, deltoid and scapular crest of the shoulder. When inflammation occurs, the bursa is about the size of a golf ball and subacromial bursitis often occurs here. 9, Biceps tendonitis is often due to the proximal end of the long head of the biceps changing position as it crosses the head of the humerus and descends into the interungual groove. This tendon often ruptures during repetitive movements or forceful overhead movements. When the biceps is overloaded in the abducted and externally rotated position of the shoulder joint, the long head of the tendon can become semi-dislocated from the intersegmental groove. Shoulder disorders can only be treated correctly if we understand them correctly. Most of them can be treated conservatively, while a small number of them need to be treated surgically, and the advanced minimally invasive arthroscopic technology can solve most of the problems very well!