Pulmonary effusion, also known as pleural effusion, is symptomatic and improves after aspiration through puncture. It is important to take into account the condition of the patient’s lungs. A large amount of pleural effusion can cause compression of the adjacent lung tissue, resulting in significant symptoms such as shortness of breath, restricted breathing, and chest pain due to partial irritation of the pleura. After part of the pleural fluid is extracted by puncture, the compression symptoms will be improved and the corresponding pulmonary symptoms will be alleviated. However, if the cause of the pleural effusion is not removed, it may recur, causing the symptoms to reappear. Overall, puncture aspiration is a treatment method, but the cause of the disease still needs to be standardized treatment. Inflammation itself needs anti-inflammatory treatment, tuberculosis needs anti-tuberculosis treatment, and tumor lesions can be surgically removed. Clinically found a large number of pleural effusion accompanied by obvious pulmonary symptoms, need to consult a doctor in time to observe, through the clinical examination to confirm the diagnosis of the specific cause of the disease, standardized treatment under the guidance of the clinician, to avoid delaying the condition.