HPV vaccine is divided into preventive vaccine and therapeutic vaccine. 1. There are two types of preventive vaccines, a quadrivalent vaccine (for HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18) produced by Merck and a bivalent vaccine (for HPV types 16 and 18) produced by GlaxoSmithKline. The preventive vaccine is very beneficial for people at high risk of HPV exposure, preventing infection and reinfection. In different clinical trials, the vaccine has been shown to provide more than 95% protection against tumors and precancerous lesions of the cervix and vaginal vulva caused by HPV-related types. The vaccine is currently used in more than 100 countries worldwide and is free of charge in the U.S. and most European countries. the WHO has issued approval for HPV vaccines to enter developing countries with appropriate quality pre-certification, and is self-funded in Hong Kong, China and Taiwan, China. mainland China is not yet approved for use. Because viral sequences are often present in an integrated form in HPV infection-associated precancerous lesions and malignant tumor cells, late protein genes are often broken and lost, making it difficult to detect late proteins, prophylactic vaccines are not therapeutic for established infection-associated lesions. Merck is conducting research on a 2nd generation prophylactic vaccine that could cover a wider range of HPV types. When HPV types 16 and 18 are suppressed, will other HPV oncogenic types reappear to replace the original HPV types 16 and 18 and become popular HPV oncogenic types worldwide again, so we still need to screen for other HPV types. Because the effective endpoints of the clinical evaluation of HPV vaccine now are cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1I/III) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), the immunogenicity, cross-protection, viral variation, and duration of protection for specific HPV types of the current HPV vaccine still need to be closely observed. And when the prophylactic vaccine is promoted on a large scale, it is also necessary to increase the awareness of the population and reassess the safety of the vaccine. 2. Therapeutic vaccines can induce specific cellular immunity to stop the development of lesions and clear lesions or even malignant tumors Therapeutic vaccines are mainly conducted against high levels of E6 and E7 proteins in cells of infection-related lesions, with the main purpose of inducing cellular immune responses specific for cancer proteins. These include viral/bacterial vector vaccines, peptide or protein vaccines and DNA vaccines. Due to the complexity of tumor immunotherapy, no effective therapeutic vaccines are currently available.