Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine occurs mainly because of the hypertrophy of the non-ossified ligamentous tissue below the ossified tissue, which causes the ossified foci of the posterior longitudinal ligament to grow transversely and longitudinally into the vertebral canal, making the spinal canal volume smaller, compressing the spinal cord and nerve roots, and even blocking the anterior spinal artery and thus appearing. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine may be related to racial differences and genetic factors. Studies have found that this disease is most common in Asian populations, with obvious regional distribution differences and ethnic differences, and many patients have a family history of the disease. In addition, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine may also be related to the local factors of the cervical spine, which may be caused by the cervical spine degeneration or hyperplasia of the bony cervical ligaments compression of the posterior longitudinal ligament, resulting in changes in the local stress. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine may be asymptomatic in the early stage, and then mild pain and discomfort in the neck may gradually appear, which may develop into spinal nerve compression symptoms in the later stage. Therefore, it is recommended that patients go to the hospital in a timely manner and follow the doctor’s instructions for standardized treatment to avoid delaying the condition.