The healthy growth of children has always been a major concern for parents, and the growth and development of children is one of the most important issues. With the improvement of living conditions, children’s short stature, precocious puberty, and pediatric obesity have become the most common diseases that plague the healthy growth of children. These diseases not only bring low self-esteem and negative psychological problems to children, but also bring infinite worries and concerns to parents. If you find that your child has abnormal growth and development, you should take your child to a regular hospital with a specialty in children’s endocrinology or dwarfism, precocious puberty and obesity as soon as possible so that a systematic endocrine examination can be conducted for your child. Criteria for judging short stature Any child with growth rate lower than 7 cm per year in infancy (under 3 years old), 4-5 cm per year in childhood (3 years old – before puberty), 5.5-6.5 cm per year in puberty, and 2 standard deviations (-2SD) below the average height of healthy children of the same age or below the third percentile of the growth curve is short stature. Definition of precocious puberty The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development in girls before the age of 8 (or the first menstruation before the age of 10); the appearance of testicular enlargement and secondary sexual characteristics in boys before the age of 9, and accompanied by excessive physical development, is called precocious puberty. Definition of obesity Childhood obesity refers to the accumulation of excessive fat in the body of children, weight more than 20% of the average standard weight calculated by height, or more than the average standard weight calculated by age plus two standard deviations or more, that is, obesity. There are many factors affecting the growth and development of children: genetics, endocrine abnormalities, nutrition, diseases, maternal pregnancy, living environment, etc. In addition, the reasonable conditioning of the child’s growth and development is also a vital role in daily life, parents also need to pay attention to the following aspects of the child’s cooperation A. Diet Whether short or precocious children, in terms of diet, it is better to have a balanced diet, that is A reasonable mix of meat and vegetarian dishes, balanced intake of coarse and fine grains. Adequate and balanced supply of nutrients is the material basis for growth and development. Supervise children to have a good diet every day to ensure adequate intake of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins, especially appropriate supplementation of animal protein for the best protein bioavailability. Protein deficiency will directly affect height growth, and some important trace elements such as zinc, iron and B vitamins are abundant in animal foods. Deficiencies in these nutrients also tend to cause short stature in children. As for calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D, which are the important material basis of bones, their influence on height is self-evident. Therefore, if you can ensure that 250-500ML of milk, 1-2 eggs per day, the right amount of various meats, cereals and fruits and vegetables, will be conducive to the growth of children In order to prevent precocious puberty, some foods as little as possible, such as too much animal food, fresh; lychee, anti-seasonal fruit, drinks, foreign fast food, etc., soy products because of the amount of soy isoflavones, but also discourage eating more. In particular, cola type carbonated drinks as far as possible not to drink (cola type contains high phosphorus, is not conducive to calcium absorption), firmly eliminate health products! Including do not use more colostrum, etc. For some children who are fat, it is best to eat some fruit or soup before eating, and slow down the speed of eating. Because, our feeling of stomach fullness and hunger is not felt through the empty and full stomach, but through the high and low blood sugar. When the blood sugar is low, the stomach feels empty. If you eat too fast, although you have reached the normal serving size, but because blood sugar has not yet come to rise sharply to normal levels, you will also feel not full, you will eat more. Obese children try to avoid instant noodles and fast food consumption: less high-fat, high-calorie food, such as fried food, dairy products, chocolate, etc., reduce the intake of sweets, soft drinks, encourage the consumption of high fiber-rich food, such as: bamboo shoots, lettuce and fresh vegetables, etc.. Sleep: As growth hormone is the most important hormone for human growth, the secretion of growth hormone is mainly secreted during deep sleep. Therefore, to ensure sufficient sleep, a pleasant environment, mood, urge children to go to bed early and get up early every day, to have sufficient sleep time, so that the body class growth hormone and other growth-related hormones in the best secretion and function of the state. Third, exercise: adhere to aerobic exercise: ① medium intensity (exercise intensity is too large, too small are not good, just stop when the heartbeat in 120 ~ 150 times / min more appropriate), ② regular, continuous exercise, ③ each exercise 20-40 minutes is appropriate (for obese children, it is best to reach 1-2h each time). ④ exercise in the form of jogging, slow jump rope, etc. is good. Ball games, swimming, etc. are also available, except that care needs to be taken to maintain the continuity of exercise. Although proper diet, sleep and exercise are conducive to good growth and development of children, do not be too superstitious about these aspects and do not treat the related diseases.