EBV, also known as human herpesvirus type 4, is positive for IgA antibodies, which are usually of little clinical significance. If the EBV antibodies are positive, it should be clear whether the IgG antibodies are positive or the IgM antibodies are positive. If IgG antibodies are positive, the patient is infected with EBV but produces protective antibodies. If the IgM antibody is positive, it indicates a possible recent infection that does not require treatment if there are no physical abnormalities. If the patient is a child and has symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, treatment is necessary and may impair liver function and complicate infectious mononucleosis. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly prevalent and malignant disease, usually associated with EBV infection. However, it is also possible to reduce the risk of the disease through prevention, early detection and early treatment. The cure rate for early stage patients is high, so it should not be ignored, especially the need for screening and prevention of high-risk factors.