Dialysis fistula, also called arteriovenous endovascular fistula, is one of the vascular accesses for hemodialysis, which is a surgical anastomosis of an artery and a vein, so that the vein is arterialized, with sufficient blood flow, lumen dilation, and thickening of the wall, which allows direct puncture of the vein to perform hemodialysis treatment. For patients entering the uremic stage or about to enter the uremic stage, they should be admitted to the hospital in advance to have the arteriovenous endovascular fistula done, in order to reduce the risk of intubation and the damage to the blood vessels. The principle of choosing the surgical site of arteriovenous endovascular fistula is to choose the upper limb first and then the lower limb, the distal end first and then the proximal end, and the non-dominant side first and then the dominant side. Before the operation to protect the limbs to be operated on, try to avoid venous puncture infusion, playing indwelling needle and so on. For patients who need hemodialysis, it is recommended to go to the nephrology department of regular hospitals, and the doctor will decide the operation method and site according to the individual situation.