Principles of nutritional therapy during the recovery period after major gastrectomy

  1.Small amount and many meals: it is best to eat more than six meals a day. Except for individual cases, drink as regularly as possible. Small and frequent meals are not only good for digestion and absorption, but also can increase the total caloric energy intake and prevent weight loss. If you eat once every two hours, can prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemic syndrome, a small number of meals is an important diet system for gastric cut patients.  2, dry and thin food: meal with less soup and drinks, because the liquid beverage through the gastrointestinal too fast, and easy to bring down with dry food piece soon. Therefore, drinks should be consumed 30 minutes before and after the meal. Rest for 15-30 minutes after meal, or adopt the method of lying down for meal, so that the jejunal contents can flow back to the residual stomach and reduce the excessive expansion of jejunum: it can prolong the time of food staying in the stomach and slowly pass through the small intestine to promote further digestion and absorption of food.  3.In the early stage after gastrectomy, because there is too much carbohydrate in the intestine, which causes a large amount of intestinal fluid secretion and sharp changes in blood volume, producing a series of clinical symptoms, so the carbohydrate in food should be appropriately limited at each meal, and it is better to use a small amount of monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide mixed to prolong the absorption time and prevent dumping syndrome.  4, early after gastrectomy can not eat sucrose, milk and soy milk, etc., can gradually increase in small amounts, and can be added to normal intake when fully recovered.  5, expand the range of available food, after the patient has recovered, the diet can be adjusted according to the recommendations of the Chinese Nutrition Society: 250-300 grams of cereals, 400-500 grams of vegetables and fruits and 100-200 grams of fish, poultry, meat, eggs and other animal foods 125-200 grams (50 grams of fish and shrimp, 50-100 grams of animal and poultry meat, 25-50 grams of eggs), milk and legumes 100 grams and 50 grams respectively, about 25 grams of fats and oils, the number and proportion of the above varieties, do not have to be strictly evenly divided by day, can be adjusted during the week.  6.Ensure that there are sufficient nutrition, high protein, high vitamin and food with sufficient vitamin A, B and C content to promote the repair of trauma. Such as eggs, dairy and its products, lean meat, tofu, soy milk and other soy products, fresh vegetables and ripe fruits, etc.  7.Increase foods with high vitamin D content in appropriate amount, such as offal of animals and some plant foods such as yellow and red vegetables and fruits, to prevent osteochondrosis after surgery. Increase the food with high calcium content include various soy products, dairy products and oatmeal, cabbage, cabbage, carrot, celery, pumpkin, radish, spinach, gourd, leek, dandelion, winter melon, etc. Certain hard fruits and seeds foods are also high in calcium, such as dried almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, sunflower seeds, etc. Fruits include oranges, etc.  8, strengthen the patient’s confidence, so that the spirit of comfort, eliminate concerns, happy eating.  9, limited consumption of stimulating food, such as wine, coffee, strong tea, alcohol, black pepper, garlic, cloves, chili, broth, peptone, strong condiments, such as mustard, pepper, curry, etc.; avoid indigestible food such as fried food, excessive hard food, and food that produces too much gas, etc.; eat less food containing coarse fiber: such as coarse grains, celery, leek, snow, bamboo shoots and dried fruits, etc.  10.If there is nausea, bloating and other discomfort after eating, you should reduce or stop eating. After the symptoms disappear and the condition improves, start eating again.  11, cooking methods should be more careful, do not use fried, pan-fried, smoked and raw methods, so as not to be difficult to digest, using steam, boiled, braised, stewed and other cooking methods.  12.Patients should wait for the surgery trauma and weak body to fully recover, and then gradually over to normal ordinary diet.  Note: (Acid-producing foods: such as groundnuts, potatoes, overly sweet snacks and sweet and sour foods; gas-producing foods: such as raw onions, raw garlic, raw radishes, garlic cloves, onions, etc.; raw and cold foods: such as a lot of cold drinks, cold dishes, etc.; hard foods: such as bacon, ham, sausages, mussels, etc.; strong condiments: such as pepper, curry powder, mustard, chili oil, etc.)