Inguinal hernia is a type of extra-abdominal hernia, commonly known as a hernia. The inguinal region is a triangular area of the anterior external lower abdominal wall bounded by the inguinal ligament on the lower border, the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle on the inner border, and a horizontal line from the anterior superior iliac spine to the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle on the upper border. An inguinal hernia is usually an extra-abdominal hernia that occurs in this region. It can be divided into two categories of hiatal and direct hernias. Treatment: I. Non-surgical treatment: Babies under half a year of age can be treated without surgery for the time being, using cotton thread girdles or bandages to compress the internal ring of the inguinal canal to prevent the protrusion of the hernia mass. With the gradual strengthening of the abdominal muscles, the hernia may disappear on its own. A hernia belt may be used for those who are too old and frail or with other serious illnesses to undergo surgery. However, prolonged use of the hernia belt may cause the hernia neck to become thick and tough due to frequent friction, thus increasing the incidence of hernia intussusception and the possibility of adhesions between the hernia sac and the hernia contents. Surgical treatment: If there is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure such as chronic cough, urinary difficulty, constipation, ascites, pregnancy, etc. before surgery, it should be treated first to avoid and reduce postoperative recurrence. (-) Simple hernia sac high ligation: The neck of the hiatus hernia sac is exposed and given a high ligation or a penetrating suture. It is more suitable for infants and cases of strangulated hiatal hernia with severe local infection, as infection often leads to repair failure. (b) Hernia repair: It is the most common and effective procedure for the treatment of inguinal hernia. The following methods are frequently used: 1. Traditional methods: The FERGUSON method is the most frequently used to repair the anterior wall of the inguinal canal. It is more suitable for cases where there is no significant defect in the transverse abdominal fascia and the posterior wall of the inguinal canal is still sound. There are four types of methods to strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The BASSINI method is the most widely used clinically, in which the spermatic cord is lifted and the inferior border of the internal oblique muscle is sewn to the inguinal ligament behind it with the joint tendon, and the spermatic cord is placed between the tendon membrane of the internal oblique muscle and the external oblique muscle of the abdomen. Other methods are HALSTED method, MCVAY method, and SHOULDICE method. Because of the disadvantages of traditional methods, such as greater local tension at the repair site, slower recovery and obvious postoperative local discomfort, these traditional methods have gradually decreased in recent years and are only used in cases where local infection prevents built-in mesh. 2.Transcatheter laparoscopic hernia repair: It belongs to the category of minimally invasive surgery, and there are three methods: 1.Transperitoneal preperitoneal method; 2.Completely extraperitoneal method; 3.Intraperitoneal mesh placement method. These procedures need to be performed in hospitals with the appropriate technology and equipment to meet the requirements, and should not be widely performed. Tension-free hernia repair: Hernia repair is performed without tension by using synthetic mesh material. This type of surgery overcomes many of the drawbacks of traditional hernia repair, and at the same time, the patient’s hospital stay and operation time are short, and the patient gets out of bed early and recovers quickly, and the recurrence rate is significantly lower than that of traditional methods. We have been performing this surgery since 1998 and have successfully treated more than 3,000 hernia patients with excellent results, which is the leading level in the province. (3) Principles of management of inguinal hernia and strangulated hernia: The following conditions can be met: 1) the time of inversion is less than three to four hours, the local pressure pain is not obvious, and there is no abdominal pressure pain or abdominal muscle tension and other signs of peritoneal irritation; 2) the elderly and frail or with other more serious diseases, and it is estimated that the intestinal loops are not strangulated and necrotic. In addition to the above cases, an incarcerated hernia in principle requires urgent surgical treatment. The necessary preparations should be made before surgery. The key to surgery is to correctly determine the viability of the hernia contents, and then to determine the treatment according to the condition of the disease. If the intestinal canal is purple-black, loses its luster and elasticity, and there is no peristalsis after stimulation and no arterial pulsation in the corresponding mesentery, it is necrosis. If it is determined that the intestinal canal is not necrotic, it can be returned to the abdominal cavity and treated as a usual recurrent hernia. If we are not sure whether necrosis is present, we can inject 0.25%~0.5% procaine 60~80 ml in the root of the mesentery and then cover the intestinal tube with warm isotonic saline gauze or send the intestinal tube back to the abdominal cavity temporarily for 10~20 minutes and then observe. If the intestinal wall turns red and the intestinal peristalsis and mesenteric artery pulsation are restored, it is proved that the intestinal tube is still alive and can be incorporated into the abdominal cavity again. If the intestinal tube is necrotic, or the pathological changes do not improve after the above treatment, or if it is not certain whether the intestinal tube has lost vitality, the section of the intestinal tube should be removed and anastomosis should be performed as long as the patient’s general condition allows.