1.Blood picture: anemia is the first sign, mostly normocytic and normopigmented, red blood cells are arranged in money strings on the blood film, and may be accompanied by a few young granules and young red blood cells, blood sedimentation is significantly increased, and in the late stage, there is whole blood cytopenia. When myeloma cells appear in large numbers in the blood more than 2 x 10 9/L, it is called plasma cell leukemia. Bone marrow: mainly abnormal plasma cell proliferation, at least 15% of the number of nucleated cells, with qualitative changes. Myeloma cells may vary in size and shape and appear in piles. Blood biochemical examination: (1) Abnormal globulinemia: About 75% of patients have a densely stained, single-peaked M protein with IgG > 359/L, IgA > 209/L, IgM > 159/L, IgD > 29/L, lgE > 29/L. About 1% of patients have non-secretory myeloma. (2) Blood calcium and phosphorus measurement: hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. (3) Serum min-monoclonal protein and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity are higher than normal. (4) Urine and kidney function measurement: 90% of patients have proteinuria, serum urea nitrogen and muscle intoxication may be elevated, about half of patients have protein >1g/24h in the urine. 4. X-ray examination: early osteoporosis, mostly in the spine, ribs and pelvis; typical lesions are round, with clear edges like chisel holes, multiple, osteolytic damage of different sizes, commonly found in the skull, pelvis, spine, femur and adipose bone. Pathological fractures often occur in the ribs, spine, and sternum. Y-bone imaging can detect bone lesions early, 3-6 months earlier than X-rays.