The relationship between obesity and diabetes The modernization of lifestyle and lagging health awareness have led to a gradual decrease in physical activity and an increase in the intake of unreasonable diets with high calories, high fat and high protein and low fiber. The result is overweight and obesity, followed by a rapid rise in the incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) and type 2 diabetes. The incidence of diabetes is significantly higher in people with long-term persistent obesity, and can be as high as four times that of the general population. Statistics show that the incidence of diabetes in people with normal weight is only 0.7%, and the incidence of diabetes is 2% when the weight exceeds 20% of the normal value; the incidence of diabetes can be as high as 10% when the weight exceeds 50% of the normal value. The incidence of diabetes increases about 4 times in moderately obese people and 30 times in extremely obese people. The risk of diabetes is related to the duration of obesity and the degree of obesity. Moreover, the risk of diabetes in people with abdominal type obesity is much greater than that in people with hip type obesity, and the ratio of waist circumference/hip circumference has a positive relationship with the incidence of diabetes. At present, there are more and more obese people in China, and the incidence of diabetes is also increasing at an alarming rate. What is worrying is that the age of diabetic patients is gradually advancing, and clinically we see a significant increase in teenagers and young patients, the most of whom are obese. Obesity can be combined with many metabolic disorders, including hypoglycemic tolerance, insulin insensitivity (insulin resistance), hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis, etc. These metabolic disorders can often cause diabetes. The progression from obesity to diabetes is generally as follows: obesity → hypoglycemic tolerance → type 2 diabetes → uncontrollable hyperglycemia → diabetic complications → disability and death. Why is obesity likely to cause diabetes? Among type 2 diabetic patients, 80% are obese, and 60% of obese patients have low glucose tolerance. Therefore, obesity and diabetes are “inseparable”. Diabetes is a chronic abnormal glucose metabolism disease, long-term persistent hyperglycemia can produce a variety of toxic effects, will slowly “soak, infiltration” of blood vessels, as if “ants ulcerated long dike” general, the arteries and blood vessels and other tissue cells erosion to “a lot of holes”, the endothelium of blood vessels is damaged to scarred. The fundamental reason is that there is a special “soil” in the body of obese people, called insulin resistance. Insulin is the main hypoglycemic hormone in the human body. After eating, people will absorb a large amount of sugar into the blood, through the blood circulation to all parts of the body. Only by relying on insulin can blood sugar enter the cells and be used by the body, while the level of glucose in the blood is maintained within a certain range by insulin. Many scholars believe that the cells of obese people, especially fat cells, are insensitive to insulin. In order to meet the requirements of metabolism, the pancreas must secrete insulin 5 to 10 times higher than the normal value. This means that obese people need more insulin than normal in order for glucose to be properly utilized. In order to overcome insulin resistance, the pancreas will synthesize a large amount of insulin, resulting in the blood insulin level of obese people is much higher than that of ordinary people, which is called “hyperinsulinemia”. In the early stage of obesity, it is possible to maintain blood glucose in the normal range through hyperinsulinemia, but then it is possible that the function of the pancreas to synthesize insulin will gradually fail due to overwork, and the insulin production will gradually be insufficient to lower blood glucose to the normal range. Over time, the pancreas becomes fatigued and eventually fails to produce insulin adequately, and the occurrence of diabetes caused by obesity after middle age is not uncommon in clinical practice. There is no cure for diabetes, but to some extent it can be prevented. The most important preventive measure is to maintain a normal age and weight, to eat a reasonable diet, and to actively participate in physical exercise. The prevention of diabetes starts with preventing excessive obesity, starting with children. Every effort should be made to maintain a normal age weight to reduce the occurrence of diabetes. It is worth noting that effective weight loss can prevent the occurrence of diabetes, or significantly reduce the degree of diabetes. How to prevent and treat obesity and diabetes A proper diet is the basic method of prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The principles of reasonable diet are nutritional balance, variety of diet, scientific calculation of total calories, reasonable structure, high fiber, low salt, no alcohol and no sweets, etc. Exercise therapy is an important measure for the prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. Exercise can increase lipolysis, increase the number of insulin receptors, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce the symptoms of diabetes. Long-term adherence to moderate exercise has a good role in preventing obesity and weight loss. Exercise to medium intensity, adhere to the principle of gradual progress, avoid high-intensity, high confrontational exercise. Warm tips: obese patients to prevent diabetes from weight loss. It should be especially noted that obese people are often distressed by the ineffectiveness of weight loss, if one day without effort weight down, do not be complacent, advise you to check the blood sugar, nine out of ten is suffering from diabetes. Obese people need to secrete more insulin to maintain normal blood sugar, obese people caused by insulin resistance, so that the effect of hypoglycemic drugs and insulin greatly reduced. This is also the reason why blood sugar remains high. When the insulin-secreting cells are exhausted and insulin secretion is depleted, sugar cannot be used and blood sugar rises, and at this time fat begins to break down and weight is lost. For those who have low glucose tolerance, if you can adjust or change your lifestyle habits in time, such as losing weight, strengthening exercise, and adopting a scientific diet structure, you can make yourself “hang on” before falling into the abyss of diabetes.