Tubal infertility: as the name suggests, infertility caused by abnormal function of the fallopian tubes, which is clinically common in patients who have suffered from adnexitis, septic appendicitis, tuberculous peritonitis, tuberculosis, endometriosis, as well as patients who have a history of various uterine operations (abortion, medical abortion, IUD, IUD removal, etc.) combined with post-operative infection, patients with STDs such as gonorrhea, and patients with a history of tubal surgery and malformation, all have The tubal function may be abnormal. Common types of tubal infertility: 1. fluid in the fallopian tubes. 2. 2. blockage of the fallopian tubes (can occur in all parts). 3.Acute and chronic tubal inflammation. 4. abnormal development of the fallopian tubes and ligation. The most common examination methods for tubal infertility and their pros and cons: 1. Repeated tubal lavage treatment is not useful, and repeated lavage can destroy the peristaltic ability of the tubes and the wiggling ability of the cilia, increasing the chance of infection, especially if the sterilization is not strict, many of the original tubal inflammation is not very serious, and may be further aggravated after lavage. 2.Iodine oil imaging of the fallopian tubes: The advantage is that it can provide a visual understanding of the patency of the fallopian tubes and the site of obstruction, as well as a general understanding of the size and shape of the uterine cavity, the presence of malformations and the presence of uterine adhesions or occupying lesions. It has some significance in guiding the selection of the next treatment plan. The disadvantage is that there are false-positive results and it is not suitable for multiple examinations. 3.Hysteroscopic intubation: It is a minimally invasive project carried out in recent years. The advantage is that it can examine the inside of the uterine cavity and the open end of the fallopian tube under direct vision, and can treat lesions in the uterine cavity (such as uterine adhesions) and obstruction at the open end of the fallopian tube at the same time, which is multi-functional and has exact results, avoiding the blindness of traditional examinations and having obvious therapeutic effects. In cases of complete failure to visualize one or both sides that cannot be explained by iodine oil imaging, hysteroscopic insertion is considered for verification. The disadvantage is that the obstruction in the distal part of the fallopian tube cannot be understood, and the skill and experience of the doctor are required. 4.Laparoscopy: It is a popular minimally invasive procedure with the advantage that the pelvic organs, the appearance of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, the site of tubal obstruction, the pelvic adhesions and the smooth passage of Melanoma stain through the umbilical end of the fallopian tubes can be visualized under the mirror. The examination and treatment can be performed simultaneously. It is the gold standard for tubal infertility testing. Often, in the end, infertility patients have to go through this test and treatment. The disadvantage is that it is more expensive. Personal recommendations: 1. For first-time patients, you may consider option 1 or 2 to do a preliminary examination to understand the tubal patency and guide the next step of treatment. 2. If the tubal infertility has been examined and treated for many years (including with various herbal modalities), it is recommended to use 3 or 4, so that the cause can be identified as early as possible and a basis for whether future treatment is necessary can be derived, and the blindness of medical treatment can be avoided and adequate treatment time can be sought. Treatment: Treatment is recommended to be completed under hysteroscopy and laparoscopy To protect the patient’s reproductive function as much as possible. 1.peri-fallopian tube adhesions separation: the most common method for mild adhesions. 2.Parasoplasty or ostomy of the umbilical end of the fallopian tube: it is suitable for adhesions or atresia at the umbilical end and fluid accumulation at the umbilical end. （3.Tubal end-to-end anastomosis and implantation: suitable for recanalization after sterilization, also can be done transabdominally.