Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female genital system. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a tumorigenic marker associated with the cell proliferation cycle and is closely related to the biological behavior and malignancy of the tumor. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is involved in the process of embryonic growth and development, and an important mechanism is the promotion of angiogenesis to facilitate implantation and the ectopic autocrine secretion of HCG in many malignant tumors, while benign tumors generally do not express it. PCNA is located on chromosome 20 and is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase δ, which is necessary for DNA replication. The expression of PCNA varies with the cell proliferation cycle and can reflect the cell proliferation activity, which is an indicator of the proliferation and malignancy of various malignant tumor cells, and is also useful for predicting the differentiation, infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, chemotherapy effect and prognosis of tumor cells. The expression intensity of ectopic HCG and PCNA was significantly correlated with the differentiation degree and clinical stage of endometrial cancer, and the expression rate of PCNA gradually increased with the aggravation of the disease. It was found that patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia with positive expression of ectopic hCG and PCNA were significantly more likely to develop endometrial cancer than those with low expression in accordance with the literature. The results of the present study revealed that the expression of both PCNA and hCG proteins gradually increased from normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia to endometrioid adenocarcinoma development, and the two were well correlated, suggesting that PCNA and hCG may interact with each other to jointly participate in the occurrence and development of endometrial cancer. In conclusion, an in-depth study of the relationship between PCNA and hCG endometrial cancer can provide theoretical basis for elucidating the occurrence, development mechanism and prognosis of endometrial cancer.