Endometrial cancer is a group of epithelial malignant tumors that occur in the endometrium and are most common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Endometrial cancer is one of the most common tumors of the female reproductive system, with nearly 200,000 new cases each year, and is the third most common gynecologic malignancy causing death (after ovarian cancer and cervical cancer). Its incidence is closely related to lifestyle and varies from region to region. In North America and Europe, its incidence ranks first among female reproductive cancers after breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal tumor. In China, with the development of society and improvement of economic conditions, the incidence rate of endometrial cancer has also increased year by year, and now ranks second in malignant tumors of female reproductive system after cervical cancer. The causes of endometrial cancer are still unclear. It is generally believed that endometrial cancer can be divided into estrogen-dependent (type I) and non-estrogen-dependent (type II) according to the pathogenesis and biological behavior characteristics. Most of the estrogen-dependent endometrial cancers are endometrioid carcinomas and a few of them are mucinous adenocarcinomas; non-estrogen-dependent endometrial cancers include plasmacytoma, clear cell carcinoma, etc. The principles of treatment for endometrial cancer should be based on the patient’s age, physical condition, lesion extent and histological type to select the appropriate treatment modality. Since most of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are not very sensitive to radiotherapy, surgery is the main treatment, and other comprehensive treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also available. Early stage patients are mainly treated with surgery, and adjuvant treatment is selected according to the results of surgery-pathological staging and high-risk factors for recurrence; advanced stage patients are treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.