Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is dangerous and may lead to complications such as perforation of the renal pelvis, bleeding, infection, retroperitoneal hematoma, and injury to surrounding organs. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed under ultrasound or X-ray localization to create a channel from the skin to the kidney through puncture, and stone extraction or lithotripsy is performed under nephroscope. Compared with open surgery for stone removal, it has the advantages of less trauma, better efficacy, fewer complications and quicker recovery, and it is mainly suitable for the treatment of complex stones, and can achieve the same effect of open stone removal surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy has the risk of complications such as perforation of the renal pelvis, bleeding, infection, retroperitoneal hematoma, and damage to the surrounding organs, which is dangerous and is not suitable for patients with bleeding tendency, severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency, and combined renal tumors. Therefore, it is recommended that patients cooperate with the doctor to complete the preoperative examination and be evaluated by the doctor to determine the surgical method.