There are several methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer: First, if surgery is possible, try to take surgical operation to remove the lesion, and the postoperative effect is closely related to the size of the lesion and its pathological staging, as well as the systemic condition. Secondly, radiation therapy can be adopted, which is mainly applicable to esophageal cancer of upper segment and middle and lower esophageal cancer that is not suitable for surgery, as well as patients with fair general condition. Chemotherapy is also a kind of treatment for esophageal cancer, but the sensitivity of patients with esophageal cancer is relatively low, while for middle and late-stage inoperable patients, it can still improve their survival rate and increase the chance of surgical resection. Fourth, for very early esophageal cancer, endoscopic treatment can also be taken, that is, endoscopic mucosal resection can be taken. Fifth, for patients who cannot be operated, comprehensive treatment can be adopted, mainly for more advanced esophageal cancer patients, and the comprehensive treatment includes surface and intraluminal radiotherapy, as well as chemotherapy and endoscopic treatment. Endoscopic treatment can relieve the obstruction symptoms of esophageal cancer and ensure the supply of nutrition, and its methods include esophageal stenting, as well as local laser thermotherapy, photodynamic and endoscopic injection. Sixthly, comprehensive treatment such as traditional Chinese medicine and biological targeting can be adopted.