1.Smoking is the main culprit
Smoking is the main causative factor of lung cancer, about 80% of lung cancer can be attributed to smoking, and the occurrence of lung cancer is very closely related to smoking. Cigarettes contain many carcinogenic substances such as benzo(a)pyrene, and long-term smoking can lead to bronchial mucosa epithelial cell proliferation and induce squamous epithelial cancer or undifferentiated small cell cancer. In the past 20-30 years, the smoking situation in China is very serious, nearly 300 million people have the habit of smoking. The smoking rate of male adults in large cities is nearly 50%, and nearly 5% for women, and there are many teenagers who smoke, including the inhalation of second-hand smoke can also lead to the occurrence of lung cancer.
2.The trap of air pollution
As humans need to constantly whistle, and the human body has 60-90 square meters of whistle epithelium, about 12 cubic meters of air inhaled every day, and therefore vulnerable to the attack of carcinogenic substances in the atmosphere. Air pollution sources in the city far exceed those in the countryside, such as oil, coal and internal combustion engines, etc. after combustion and asphalt highway dust produced containing harmful substances such as benzopyrene carcinogenic hydrocarbons, home cooking with heat (oil smoke), motor vehicles burning coal or motor oil, etc., so the incidence of urban lung cancer is higher than that in rural areas.
3.High-risk occupation
The occurrence of lung cancer is related to long-term exposure to radioactive substances such as uranium, radium and their derivatives, carcinogenic hydrocarbons, arsenic, chromium, nickel, copper, tin, iron, coal tar, asphalt, petroleum, asbestos, mustard gas and other substances. The incidence of lung cancer in the above related metallurgy and mining-based occupations is significantly higher.
4.More elderly than young people, gradually becoming younger
Older people over 65 years old account for more than 50% of lung cancer patients. The age of lung cancer incidence and death in China has been rising rapidly since the age of 40, reaching a peak at the age of 70.
5.More common in men, less common in women
The incidence of lung cancer is more common in men, and the ratio of male to female is about 2.3:1, which may be related to the occupation and living habits of men and women. With the development of industrialization, environmental pollution, second-hand smoke pollution and the increase of female smokers, the incidence rate of female is also catching up with that of male.
6. Family history of lung cancer increases the risk of incidence
The risk of lung cancer among first-degree relatives is 2 to 3 times higher than that of the general population, and the risk is even higher if the relatives are younger when they develop the disease.
7.Paper cigarette smokers are more likely to develop lung cancer than pipe smokers and cigar smokers
The incidence of lung cancer is directly proportional to the consumption of tobacco, and paper cigarettes are the main risk. Smoking pipes and cigars are each 3 times and 10 times less dangerous than smoking paper cigarettes. At the same time, the risk of filtered paper cigarettes is 1/3 less than that of no filter.
8, patients with chronic lung disease have a high risk of developing
Patients with tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have an increased chance of developing lung cancer, which may be due to chronic inflammation of the pulmonary bronchi and lung fibro-scar lesions that cause squamous epithelial metaplasia or hyperplasia during the healing process and cancer.
9.Smoking cessation for 13 years or more has a low chance of lung cancer
It is well known that non-smokers have a low chance of lung cancer, but if smokers want to reduce the chance of lung cancer by quitting smoking, it takes about 13 years on average for the bronchial epithelium to return to normal, which can make the incidence of lung cancer the same as non-smokers.
10. “Cancer personality” plays an important role in the occurrence of lung cancer
Nearly half of the lung cancer patients are related to long-term depression and depressive personality. “Cancer personality” refers to the following bad emotions: being withdrawn, depressed, suspicious, sulking, few words, narrow-minded, jealous, irritable, and poor endurance, which are the most effective medium for cancer cell production and development. To prevent lung cancer, in addition to staying away from tobacco and polluted environment, cheerful personality and happy mood are also very important.
11.Watch out for interior decoration materials
Indoor building materials such as granite, brick, sand, cement and plaster, especially natural stone containing radioactive elements, are prone to release a radioactive inert gas – radon, which leads to lung cancer. Therefore, if you stay in the newly renovated indoor environment for a long time, even if you do not smoke and second-hand smoke, you will have the risk of lung cancer.
12.Eating more vegetables and fruits can reduce the incidence of lung cancer
Vegetables and appropriate amount of fresh fruits have protective effects on reducing lung cancer in men; the greater the intake, the more obvious the protective effects. The intake of more vegetables has a protective trend for women, although it is not as obvious as that for men. In addition, sour (vinegar) foods, spicy foods, onion and garlic foods have a protective effect on lung cancer, while fried foods and pickled foods increase the risk of developing the disease.
13.Other
Low immunity, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders and the presence of susceptibility genes can make ionizing radiation can increase the risk of lung cancer.