Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which is caused by abnormalities in body fat metabolism. With the continuous reform and opening up of China, the living standard of Chinese people has been rapidly improved. At the same time, the so-called affluent diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, which were rare during the poverty period, have increased. According to the results of the Asian Cardiovascular Disease Cooperative Study, hyperlipidemia in China, like hypertension, has the status quo of “three lows”: low rate, low treatment rate, and low compliance rate. 2008 survey results released by China News Network showed that 186 million adults in China have dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is as fierce as a tiger? “Lipid” is a general term for the lipids contained in blood serum, consisting of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids and non-free fatty acids, which are bound together with different proteins and exist in the blood in the form of “lipoproteins”. Cholesterol is composed of HDL-C and LDL-C, and there are good and bad cholesterol. HDL-C is the cardiovascular protective “good cholesterol” that carries harmful cholesterol from greasy foods to the liver, where it is absorbed and used effectively. In contrast, LDL-C is the “bad cholesterol”, which is the culprit of cardiovascular diseases. When LDL-C increases in blood, once the intima of blood vessels is damaged by hypertension, diabetes, smoking and other factors, they will invade into the intima of arteries and form atherosclerotic plaques, causing atherosclerotic organ tissue ischemic diseases, which eventually lead to cardiovascular diseases. How is hyperlipidemia formed? Primary hyperlipidemia 1. Dietary factors: Irrational diet is the main behavioral risk factor for hyperlipidemia. Excessive intake of cholesterol and animal fat is associated with the formation of hypercholesterolemia. 2. Genetic factors: Secondary hyperlipidemia refers to those caused by other primary diseases, including: diabetes, liver disease, obesity, etc. Who is prone to hyperlipidemia? Those who have a family history of hyperlipidemia; those who have coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral atherosclerosis; those who are obese and have hyperlipidemia or diabetes; those who have a family history of coronary heart disease or atherosclerosis, especially those with early onset or early death in their immediate family; men over 40 years old or postmenopausal women. People with inappropriate diet (high calorie, high cholesterol, high saturated fatty acid food), low exercise and long-term sedentary; people with irregular life, emotional agitation and mental tension; long-term smokers and alcoholics. My blood lipids, I know Blood lipid level mg/dL (mmol/L) Classification Blood lipid level mg/dL (mmol/L) Classification TC LDL-C <200(5.2) Appropriate range <120(3.12) Appropriate range 201~219(5.23~5.69) Marginally elevated 121~139(3.15~3.61) Marginally elevated >220( 5.72) Elevated >140(3.64) Elevated HDL-C TG >40(1.04) Appropriate range <150(1.7) Appropriate range <35(0.91) Decreased >150(1.7) Elevated Diet and exercise therapy “3-5-7 diet principle”: 3 high (high fiber, freshness, plant (low fat, low cholesterol, low salt, low sugar and alcohol); 7 servings “3-5-7 exercise principle”: walk 3 km (or 5000 steps) a day; at least 5 times a week; exercise heart rate less than (170-age) beats per minute Lipid-regulating drug therapy Classification of lipid-regulating drugs: Statins: mainly to lower Statins: mainly to lower cholesterol, such as Sulforaphane, Lipitor, etc.; Betablockers: mainly to lower triglycerides, such as Norhombo, Lipitor, etc.; Niacin: such as Acipimox, etc.; Resins: such as cholestyramine, cholinergic; cholesterol absorption inhibitors; others. Lipid attainment criteria Risk classification Dietary therapy start criteria Drug therapy start criteria Treatment target value Atherosclerotic disease (-) TC>220(5.72) TC>240(6.22) TC<220(5.72) Other risk factors (-) LDL-C>140(3.64) LDL-C>160(4.16) LDL-C<140( 3.64) Atherosclerotic disease (-) TC>200(5.17) TC>220(5.72) TC<200(5.17) Other risk factors (+) LDL-C>120(3.12) LDL-C>140(3.64) LDL-C<120(3.12) Atherosclerotic disease (+) TC>180(4.68) TC> 200(5.17) TC<180(4.68) LDL-C>100(2.59) LD-C>120(3.12) LDL-C<100(2.59) How often should I have my blood lipids measured? For normal people, it should be checked once every 2 years; for people over 40 years old, it should be checked at least once a year; for high-risk people and patients with hyperlipidemia, they should follow the doctor's instruction to review their blood lipids regularly. Lipid testing after taking medication: every 1-2 months after taking medication for the first time; then every 2-3 months; and every 6 months-1 year after reaching the standard. What should I do to prepare for lipid testing? Avoid a high-fat diet for 3 days before the blood test; do not engage in strenuous physical activity or drink alcohol for 24 hours before the blood test; fast from 20:00 pm the day before the blood test (including snacks) and drink a little water. It is best to stop taking medications that affect blood lipids (such as lipid regulators, contraceptives, certain antihypertensive drugs, hormones, etc.) for a few days or weeks before the blood draw, otherwise the doctor should be informed of the medication. affect the blood lipid level. What foods have lipid-lowering effects? Top 10 lipid-lowering foods: apples, carrots, corn, kelp, garlic, oysters, almonds, milk, honey, oranges, tea Can diet and exercise therapy alone achieve lipid-lowering goals? Diet control and exercise therapy are the basis for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia, but their magnitude of lowering blood cholesterol is limited. The results of the diet control trial showed that the maximum cholesterol-lowering effect of diet control was only 15%. The cholesterol-lowering effect of exercise therapy is similar. Therefore, for patients with hyperlipidemia, in addition to dietary control and exercise therapy, lipid-regulating therapy should be intensified Can I stop taking the medication once I reach the lipid standard? The increase of blood lipids is a slow process, so the regulation of blood lipids, especially the elimination of the adverse effects of blood lipids, also requires a continuous process. Long-term use of lipid-regulating drugs can not only lower blood lipids, but also significantly reduce the incidence, disability and mortality of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke. Therefore, the lipid standard should not be discontinued, and lipid regulating treatment should be a long-lasting battle.