Xiao Chen’s daughter has had a chronic cough for four years. Since she was half a year old, she has been coughing, with symptoms of nasal congestion and runny nose. Because the child also had symptoms of nasal congestion and runny nose, the pediatric department recommended that she go to the ENT clinic. The diagnosis was “postnasal drip syndrome, adenoid hypertrophy, and pediatric sinusitis”, and the child was recommended to undergo “adenoid ablation”. What is postnasal drip syndrome? Is there a definite link between adenoid hypertrophy and cough? Would removing the adenoids solve the baby’s chronic coughing problem? There were many questions in Xiao Chen’s mind. First, let’s talk about what postnasal drip syndrome is. Postnasal drip syndrome is one of the common causes of cough in children. It is a syndrome in which secretions flow backwards into the postnasal and pharyngeal areas, or even backwards into the vocal cords or trachea, due to nasal disease, resulting in coughing or allergic rhinitis in which inflammatory nasal secretions can flow through the postnasal orifice and pharynx or be inhaled into the lungs, the main manifestation. Children with postnasal drip syndrome often have a combination of adenoid hypertrophy, which causes sinus secretions that are not easily discharged through the nasopharynx, leading to sinusitis and stimulation of coughing due to increased flow of nasal secretions into the pharynx. The clinical manifestations of this syndrome are: cough mainly during the daytime, no cough after sleeping; nasal symptoms, such as runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, nasal itching and other symptoms; nasal discharge into the mouth can lead to discomfort in the pharynx and foreign body sensation in the throat. Postnasal drip syndrome is an important cause of pediatric cough in the upper airway, and the treatment for postnasal drip syndrome includes nasal treatment and treatment of diseases that cause nasal obstruction. For pediatric patients, common causes of nasal obstruction include: adenoid hypertrophy, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, etc. For different causes to take the appropriate treatment, treatment is divided into two kinds, one is conservative drug treatment, such as simple pediatric sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, pediatric sinusitis feasible nasal local flushing, oral mucus promoter, usually pay attention to avoid the child cold, acute inflammation should be dealt with early to avoid turning into chronic. For allergic rhinitis, the use of nasal hormones is preferred; desensitization therapy is feasible after clarifying the allergen. Secondly, surgical treatment is feasible for children with nasal polyps and adenoid hypertrophy, which cause nasal blockage that cannot be improved by drugs. Xiao Chen’s daughter chose adenoids ablation surgery under the detailed explanation of the outpatient physician, and after the surgery, combined with medication, the child’s cough symptoms were significantly improved.