Pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that makes one want to scratch and is the most common clinical symptom of dermatological diseases; it is a multidimensional perceptual response of the body to harmful stimuli and belongs to the normal defensive mechanisms of the body, which can trigger scratching and adverse emotional reactions. According to the duration of the disease (6 weeks) it can be divided into acute itch and chronic itch. Chronic itch can affect the quality of life of patients to varying degrees, and in severe cases suicidal tendencies can occur. A Norwegian study of more than 4000 people (aged 30-76 years) found that the prevalence of acute pruritus in the last two weeks was 8.4%. A German sample of 200 people found that the prevalence of chronic pruritus was 13.5%, 16.4% of the population had experienced chronic pruritus in the previous 1 year, and the lifetime prevalence of chronic pruritus was 22%, while a French study found that 12.4% of respondents had experienced chronic pruritus in the previous 2 years [5]. With the discovery of various pruritic neuromediators, neuroreceptors, associated skin and immune cells, and neurotransmission pathways, the understanding of pruritus and its cognitive response has evolved with recent clinical and basic research; from the initial “intensity hypothesis” to the “gating hypothesis From the initial “intensity hypothesis” to the “gating hypothesis” and the current “specificity hypothesis” and “selectivity hypothesis”, the neural coding theory of pruritus has been continuously developed. As the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of pruritus became better understood, a standardized two-step clinical classification of pruritus was developed and published by the International Forum for the Study of Itch (IFSI): the first step based on clinical presentation, including: pruritus of inflammatory dermatologic origin, pruritus of non-inflammatory dermatologic origin and chronic scratching secondary to lesion-related pruritus; the second step, based on underlying disease, includes: dermatologic, systemic, neurologic, psychiatric and psychological, mixed, and other uncertain etiologies. However, because of the late start, research and understanding of pruritus are still relatively backward, so all the current theories are immature and cannot fully explain the various phenomena associated with pruritus. Because of the complex etiology of pruritus and the many influencing factors, especially for patients with chronic pruritus; although there are published guidelines for the treatment of chronic pruritus, there is still a lack of effective individualized clinical treatment strategies.