Surgeries for kidney stones commonly include extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy, with different procedures. 1. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): The patient’s stone site is localized through imaging, and a machine is used outside the body to aim at the stone, which will be broken up by releasing energy and discharged in the urine. 2. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: After general anesthesia, the patient will locate the stone through ultrasound and other equipment, determine the puncture point in the skin of the patient’s lumbar back, and then insert the nephroscope sheath to the renal pelvis through the puncture point, and then insert the nephroscope through the sheath, and then the stone will be crushed by the laser, and then the stone will be taken out. 3. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy: after general anesthesia, the ureteroscope is inserted into the patient’s ureter through the urethra, and then the stone is accurately found through the flexible ureteroscope, and then the stone is crushed with the help of laser, and then taken out.