Gastroesophageal reflux disease (abbreviated as GERD) is a condition in which the stomach? GERD is a clinical syndrome characterized by heartburn and acid reflux caused by the reflux of duodenal contents into the esophagus. There are two types of GERD: physiological and pathological. Pathological reflux is caused by the dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter and/or abnormalities in the tissue structure related to its function, so that the lower esophageal sphincter pressure is low and reflux occurs, causing a series of clinical symptoms and complications. Gastroesophageal reflux disease can be divided into two types according to whether there is obvious destruction of the esophagus on endoscopic findings: those without obvious lesions of the esophageal mucosa are called non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD); those with obvious inflammatory lesions such as erosions and ulcers are called reflux esophagitis (RE). General treatment Lifestyle changes should be used as the basic measure of treatment. Elevating the head of the bed by 15-20 cm is a simple but effective way to reduce nocturnal reflux by using gravity to enhance acid clearance during sleep. Foods such as fat, chocolate, tea and coffee can reduce lower esophageal sphincter pressure and appropriate control is advisable. Smoking and alcohol can weaken the acid scavenging ability of the esophagus, reduce the lower esophageal sphincter pressure and weaken the protective function of the esophageal epithelium, and patients should quit smoking and alcohol. Avoiding a full stomach 3 hours before bedtime can also reduce nocturnal reflux. 25% of patients can improve their symptoms after changing these habits. Medication If reflux symptoms do not improve with lifestyle changes, systematic medication should be initiated. The purpose of treatment is to reduce reflux, relieve symptoms, reduce mucosal damage from refluxed material, enhance anti-reflux defense function of esophageal mucosa, achieve cure of esophagitis, prevent recurrence, and prevent and treat important complications. 1, H2 receptor blockers such as cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nizatidine, etc., are less commonly used. 2, proton pump inhibitors Currently, such drugs are commonly used in clinical practice omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and esomeprazole. 3, prokinetic drugs GERD is a power disorder disease, there are often esophageal, gastric motility abnormalities, H2 receptor blockers and proton pump inhibitors when the treatment is ineffective, can be applied domperidone, cisapride or mosapride and other prokinetic drugs. 4, mucosal protective agent aluminum thioglycollate as a local action agent, can provide a physical barrier against refluxed gastric contents by adhering to the esophageal mucosal surface, and has a mild buffering effect on gastric acid, but does not affect the secretion of gastric acid or pepsin. Magnesium aluminum carbonate can combine the reflux of bile acid, reduce its damage to the mucosa, and can adhere to the mucosal surface as a physical barrier. 5, surgical treatment Where long-term medication is ineffective or lifelong medication, or can not tolerate the expansion, or repeated expansion can be considered for surgical procedures. The introduction of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery has provided clinicians with a new surgical treatment method.