Stroke, also called “stroke,” is a brain injury caused by an acute occlusion or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Rupture of cerebral blood vessels causes hemorrhagic stroke – cerebral hemorrhage, while acute cerebral vessel occlusion causes ischemic stroke – cerebral infarction. The latest statistics reveal that in China, there is one new case of stroke every 15 seconds, and one person dies of stroke every 21 seconds. Stroke-induced death is the first cause of death among urban and rural residents in China. Ischemic stroke accounts for more than 70% of strokes in China, with an incidence rate of 89.6-314/100,000 for men and 76.7-212.2/100,000 for women, and a mortality rate four to six times higher than that of myocardial infarction. The extremely high mortality and disability rates of stroke cause a heavy medical burden and social burden on families. Treatment of ischemic stroke patients is a race against time, and the earlier the treatment, the better the outcome: within 1 hour, the patient can be sent to a doctor and treated with thrombolysis, and within 3-4.5 hours, some patients with hemiparesis can “dramatically” resume speaking, standing and walking; after 6 hours, the ischemic brain cells are irreversibly necrotic, leading to disability or death. or death. Time is brain. Basic research has found that most acute cerebral infarcts are caused by thrombus blocking cerebral blood vessels, and the ideal method is to dissolve the embolus early to reopen the occluded cerebral vessels. With the rapid progress of basic and clinical research on cerebrovascular disease, the new concept of ischemic “semi-dark zone” has been proposed. The brain tissue located in the “semi-dark zone” can either develop necrosis or maintain morphological integrity and restore brain function after timely restoration of blood flow within a certain period of time, which provides a theoretical basis for thrombolytic therapy. The existence of a therapeutic time window for acute ischemic stroke has been confirmed. The time window of reperfusion after acute cerebral ischemia in humans: 3 hours after cerebral ischemia is the optimal period for thrombolytic therapy. When patients are treated more than 6 hours after the onset of clinical symptoms, the bleeding rate is high. Intravenous thrombolysis with r-tPA (alteplase, recombinant tissue-type fibrinogen activator) for acute cerebral infarction (<4.5< span="">hours) is currently recognized internationally as the most effective treatment modality. Early application of r-tPA may result in improved neurological function in carefully selected stroke patients with no disability or only a small number of symptoms. The use of r-tPA increases the chance of a good prognosis by about 15%. Based on statistical data, 1 in 3.1 patients treated with r-tPA avoids death or disability. The benefits of r-tPA therapy are more than 10 times greater than the harms when administered within 3 hours of onset to patients eligible for thrombolysis, with the benefits decreasing with time, but the benefits still outweigh the harms within 4.5 hours of onset. The most significant risk of treatment is the potential for severe cerebral hemorrhage, with an incidence of 1 in 15, and sometimes hemorrhage leading to death. In terms of the patient population, the potential benefits of this treatment far outweigh the risks. At home, a simple test can be used to determine how to identify strokes in the elderly early. There is a stroke FAST test in the United States that is very simple and practical. All it takes is a smile (Face), a hand raised (Arm), and a word spoken (Speech) to roughly determine if there is a possibility of stroke, with the final emphasis on calling the emergency number as soon as possible (Time) and going to the hospital for thrombolytic treatment (F Face: smile, does one side of the face not respond; A Arm: lift the arm, does one side of the arm not lift; S Speech: can one repeat a simple S Speech: Can you repeat a simple sentence? Time: Time is of the essence. If any of the above symptoms occur, call 120 immediately). You only need to remember the FAST to determine if you are having a stroke. If there is a stroke, seize the time to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Strict indications for thrombolysis and timely checking of head CT (head MRI and angiography if available) are the keys to success or failure of thrombolysis treatment for acute cerebral infarction. Time is the brain, so not only should doctors compete every second, but also patients should go to hospitals with thrombolytic conditions as soon as possible after symptoms appear.