Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common chronic female endocrine and metabolic disorder with a complex pathogenesis and diverse clinical manifestations, which not only causes menstrual irregularities and infertility, but also complicates diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease. I. The essence of PCOS is gradually understood People have more in-depth understanding of the impact of PCOS in recent years. In the past five years, major academic groups worldwide, including the Chinese Gynecologic Endocrinology Group, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology/American Society of Reproductive Medicine, the Androgen Excess Society, the National Institutes of Health, the American College of Endocrinology and the European Endocrine Society, have published consensus or guidelines on the management of PCOS. All of them emphasize the introduction of metabolic abnormalities (abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, etc.) and other complications of PCOS into the mainstream of PCOS diagnosis and treatment, and the introduction of the concept of chronic disease management. The scope of PCOS diagnosis and treatment and research has gone far beyond reproductive-related fields such as menstrual problems and infertility, but involves multidisciplinary long-term management of chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and tumors. Polycystic ovary syndrome was first recognized in the 1930s as a menstrual disorder or amenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity and infertility syndrome, and patients were often seen in gynecology and fertility departments. Since then, advances in medical technology have allowed people to see the face of PCOS: not only to identify the manifestations of PCOS, but also to recognize the abnormal hormone levels, metabolic abnormalities, and imaging features of the ovaries under ultrasound; and to discover that as the disease progresses, the incidence of long-term complications such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer is much higher than in the general population; and to understand that PCOS is a chronic disease, and the disease will continue throughout the patient’s life. A young girl or girl, just because of menstrual disorders to the doctor, after the examination and diagnosis of PCOS, will have to face the possible reproductive disorders and health problems, whether the patient, the patient’s parents or doctors, this is a heavy topic. The reason why it is heavy is that the content that this leads to seems distant and near, seems unreal and real, unwilling to face but can not avoid. Instead of avoiding it, we should face it and simply show the whole picture of PCOS to recognize it and plan to dance with it. As we know that there are four seasons in a year, in the fragrant and gorgeous spring, we understand that a harsh winter is inevitable, so we can cope with it, and we can still bloom with passion, have the strength to bear the fruits of autumn, and also spend a safe winter. The short-term health problems (early) of PCOS include irregular menstruation or secondary amenorrhea, obesity, hirsutism, infertility, early complications such as impaired fertility and poor pregnancy outcomes; the long-term (distant) effects include distant complications diabetes, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as well as tumors (e.g., hypertension). cardiovascular diseases and increased risk of tumors (e.g., endometrial cancer). The main problems of PCOS are hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance. The former causes hirsutism, acne, and large pores and sebum, while the latter causes weight gain or waist circumference, both of which together lead to ovulation disorders; and anovulation causes menstrual disorders or amenorrhea, infertility, and long-term anovulation leads to endometrial cancer. The youngest patient I have treated with PCOS combined with endometrial cancer was only 21 years old. The prevalence of prediabetes (abnormal glucose tolerance) in adolescent PCOS patients is about 13%, and in PCOS patients of childbearing age is about 24% (nearly 1/4); in these young patients, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (a syndrome that includes multiple elements of central obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia) is over 20%. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in PCOS patients during pregnancy is nearly 50%. The risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia in women with PCOS is reported to be at least three times higher than in normal women; the absolute risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in patients with PCOS is 6-22%, which is 3-10 times higher than in normal women; these figures are much higher than the prevalence in the general population of the same age. The occurrence of the above complications increases with weight gain and age, and the course of the disease is prolonged. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with a body mass index (BMI) “weight (kg)/height (m)²” of more than 23 is more than 10 times that of those with a BMI of 23 or less; the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in those over 25 years of age is 2.5 times that of those under 25. This shows the trend of disease progression. Recently, retrospective data have been published on long-term follow-up, showing that metabolic diseases (type II diabetes, hypertension, obesity, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, etc.) and mortality rates are significantly higher in PCOS patients than in the control population during the years of follow-up or review. PCOS is a lifelong nightmare for women, and the better we understand it, the stronger our confidence in overcoming it.