Calcium stones account for the majority of urinary stones (about 80%), most of which are calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones, so there is a misconception that “stone patients should eat less calcium” and almost all patients are misled by this. In fact, a 1997 study in the Journal of the American Society of Clinical Nutrition pointed out that a high-calcium diet not only does not induce stones, but also has the effect of preventing stones. Harvard Medical School has done a 12-year follow-up study on the risk of kidney stones in patients with calcium supplementation in their diet. It was concluded that the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones is mainly due to the level of oxalate in the urine, while the concentration of urinary calcium is secondary. Thus, it appears that oxalic acid is a much greater risk for stone formation than calcium, and is therefore a more dangerous factor. Theoretically, dietary oxalic acid and calcium can combine with each other in the intestine to form insoluble calcium oxalate and then be excreted in the feces, so a low-calcium diet can instead cause an increase in free oxalic acid in the intestine, which when absorbed and excreted in the urine leads to an increase in the concentration of oxalic acid in the urine, which in turn leads to the formation of calcium oxalate stones more easily. In addition, calcium in the diet can be combined with various organic acids (such as oxalic acid) in the digestive tract and excreted in the feces. Therefore, sufficient calcium content in the intestinal tract can, in a sense, help reduce urinary oxalic acid concentration, which has a counter effect on the formation of calcium oxalate stones. At present, most of our residents are mainly vegetarian, and the amount of oxalic acid consumed is high, while calcium is significantly low. According to the recommendation of the Chinese Nutrition Society, the bottom limit of the national daily calcium requirement is 800 mg, but the actual average intake of 405 mg for urban and rural residents in China is only half, which is only equivalent to one-third of the daily calcium intake of Americans. Therefore, the national population itself has been on a low-calcium diet. The relative rate of calcium oxalate stones in China is higher than in other developed countries, which may not be unrelated to this. Therefore, the “low-calcium diet” is not only unnecessary, but also not scientifically based. On the contrary, if patients with urolithiasis do not take calcium supplements at all, osteoporosis will occur in the long run, affecting the health of bones. In summary, personal recommendations: 1, for the prevention of stones should be to reduce the intake of oxalic acid food. In order to reduce the concentration of oxalate in the blood, as far as possible, do not eat foods rich in oxalate, such as spinach, parsley, asparagus, strawberries, plums, strong tea, chocolate and various dried fruits (walnuts, chestnuts, peanuts, etc., the harder the texture, the more oxalic acid), etc., supplementation with high doses of vitamin C may lead to increased oxalic acid intake, increasing the risk of kidney stones, so the amount of vitamin C supplementation should not be too large, generally should be controlled at 2g Therefore, the amount of vitamin C supplementation should not be too high, and should generally be limited to 2g/day. 2. Drink a total of 2,500ml to 3,000ml of water daily, and be sure to maintain a daily urine volume of more than 2,000ml. It should be noted that the increase in temperature, exercise and physical labor can lead to an increase in sweating and a decrease in the total urine volume, so the amount of water consumed in these cases should be increased in order to maintain the target urine volume and achieve the goal of stone prevention. 3, citric acid (citric acid) is a stone inhibition factor, can be complexed with calcium to form a higher soluble calcium citrate, competitively thus reducing the formation of calcium oxalate, and calcium citrate complexes because of soluble in water, can be excreted with the urine, so will not form stones. Therefore, calcium supplementation for patients with stones is recommended to consider calcium citrate as the first choice. 4, avoid high protein diet, today it is believed that “high protein diet is the first driving force of high urinary calcium”, because protein can be broken down into amino acids, which can make the blood tend to acidification. Bone decalcification in the acidic state, the latter is discharged into the urine through the blood, resulting in an increase in urinary calcium, therefore, appropriate restriction of protein intake also plays an important role in the prevention of stones.