Carotid artery stenosis is a cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence, and the incidence is often concentrated in the middle-aged and elderly groups. In recent years, carotid stenosis has become a major issue for the middle-aged and elderly to preserve health and prevent stroke, because it may cause brain ischemia, causing patients to suffer from tinnitus, vertigo, memory loss, partial blindness and other symptoms, and even trigger acute cerebral infarction, leading to death. According to statistics, most ischemic strokes are caused by carotid artery stenosis. The treatment of carotid stenosis mainly includes medication, interventional therapy and surgery. Drug treatment is suitable for mild stenosis, mainly taking some anti-platelet aggregation drugs to prevent further aggravation of atherosclerosis and prevent carotid plaque from dislodging and causing cerebral infarction. Interventional and surgical treatments are suitable for moderate to severe stenosis, but interventional treatment, also known as stenting, has many disadvantages such as intraoperative plaque dislodgement, intra-stent plaque formation, postoperative restenosis, and the need for long-term medication after surgery. Carotid endarterectomy is currently recognized as the standard procedure for the treatment of carotid stenosis, so is carotid endarterectomy risky? Carotid endarterectomy has been performed on many patients with good postoperative feedback. This technique is an advanced minimally invasive procedure that operates under a microscope throughout the entire process to find the lesion, remove the plaque, restore the size of the lumen and restore the normal environment of the lining, with outstanding treatment results and a relatively safe procedure. In addition, the incision is around 7 cm, which is less traumatic, quicker to recover after surgery, and has less impact on the patient’s normal life, and is widely favored by surgeons.