Carotid artery stenosis risk factors and high-risk groups Atherosclerosis, long-term smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia are a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease risk factors that are applicable to screening for carotid artery stenosis. High-risk groups include patients with TIA and ischemic stroke, patients with lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease, patients with coronary artery disease (especially those requiring coronary artery bypass or intervention) and those with carotid artery vascular murmurs detected during physical examination. Prevention and treatment 1. Because the main cause of this disease is atherosclerosis, active treatment and prevention of the primary disease is the key to prevent this disease. 2. Surgery or intervention can be done to eliminate potential sources of emboli and prevent the occurrence of stroke if significant carotid stenosis is found. Our department recently successfully completed a case of carotid artery endarterectomy as follows.