In today’s society, as the standard of living continues to improve and the diet becomes richer and more varied, human health problems are also becoming more and more prominent. In recent years, the incidence of carotid artery stenosis has gradually increased, especially in the middle-aged and elderly population, and gradually showing a younger trend. Carotid artery stenosis is an important risk for ischemic stroke, and according to statistics, more than 60% of ischemic strokes are caused by carotid artery stenosis. Severe strokes can lead to disability or even death, so carotid stenosis has become one of the “number one killers” of people’s health in today’s society. Therefore, the treatment of carotid artery stenosis has become an important issue in the medical field. For patients with mild stenosis, the treatment can be conservative, with strict medication, regular review, and attention to lifestyle and diet structure. For patients with moderate to severe stenosis, surgical treatment is required depending on the situation. At present, carotid endarterectomy is the preferred treatment for carotid stenosis, which can remove carotid atherosclerotic plaque, rebuild normal blood supply and greatly reduce the risk of stroke. There are some contraindications to the procedure: spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage within 12 months; major stroke or myocardial infarction within 30 days; progressive stroke within 3 months; large intracranial aneurysm that cannot be treated earlier or simultaneously; chronic total occlusion without obvious cerebral ischemic symptoms; coagulation disorders and contraindications to heparin and antiplatelet drugs; and the risk of stroke. patients with contraindications to heparin and antiplatelet drugs; patients who cannot tolerate anesthesia; patients with severe insufficiency of important organs such as heart, lung, liver and kidney; and patients with severe dementia. Carotid artery stenting may be considered in patients who are not suitable for stripping.