Epidemiological surveys have shown that the main cause of carotid stenosis in China is atherosclerotic occlusive disease (about 90% of cases), and head and arm type aortitis is also common. There are also fibromuscular dysplasia, trauma, arterial torsion, congenital arterial atresia, tumor compression, periarteritis, inflammatory vasculopathy, post-radiotherapy fibrosis and amyloidosis, but all are less common. Usually the formation of carotid plaque is associated with the following factors, namely hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperviscosity, smoking, hyperuricemia, advanced age, and low activity, which are the eight types of people most likely to be favored by carotid plaque stenosis. Specifically, from our clinical observations, middle-aged and older men over 40 years of age, as well as postmenopausal women, long-term hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and obesity are most likely to suffer from carotid stenosis. Due to deep fatty degeneration and cholesterol deposition in the arterial intima, atherosclerotic plaques and various secondary lesions are formed, narrowing or even occluding the arterial lumen, of which the carotid artery is a commonly affected area. Therefore, please don’t forget the ultrasound examination of carotid artery when the above high-risk groups have health checkup. We understand the high-risk factors of carotid plaque formation. Then, effective blood pressure control for hypertensive patients, strict blood sugar control for diabetic patients, complete cessation of smoking, less consumption of animal offal and other high cholesterol diet, vegetarian diet for the elderly, good mood, sufficient sleep, scientific exercise, etc. are all positive and effective preventive measures. If early intervention treatment is not achieved, the treatment effect is already very poor once a stroke attack occurs, causing hemiplegia, aphasia, coma and other neurological dysfunction. Finally, it is worth noting that atherosclerosis-occlusive disease is a disease involving the systemic arterial system, so patients suffering from coronary artery disease or lower limb atherosclerosis-occlusive disease should be alert to whether they also suffer from carotid artery stenosis.