Thalassemia is also known as bead protein production disorder anemia. Due to the high bilirubin caused by thalassemia, the primary disease should be actively treated before the index can reach normal. Currently, the treatment of thalassemia includes medication and surgery. Bilirubin is the main pigment in bile, including total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. Thalassemia mainly causes the increase of indirect bilirubin, and it needs to use drugs or surgery to actively treat thalassemia so that the bilirubin can reach normal. 1. Drug treatment: (1) Iron removal therapy: iron removal therapy is the main measure to improve the survival quality and prolong the life span of thalassemia major patients, and commonly used drugs include deferiprone, deferoxamine and deferasirox. (2) Gene activation therapy: mainly applying chemical drugs to change gene expression, so as to improve the symptoms of thalassemia. Commonly used drugs include thalidomide, hydroxyurea, 5-azacytidine cytarabine, isonicotinic acid, etc. 2. Surgical treatment: (1) Splenectomy: It is suitable for thalassemia patients with gradual increase of blood transfusion requirement, hypersplenism and splenomegaly causing compression symptoms. (2) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a better method to cure thalassemia major, and this method can also be the first choice of treatment for thalassemia major. Patients diagnosed with high bilirubin caused by thalassemia should actively cooperate with doctors in treating the primary disease, so that the index of high bilirubin can reach normal. All the drugs mentioned above should be used under the guidance of doctors, and if there is any discomfort, it is recommended to go to the hospital for consultation in time.