There are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide, accounting for 5% of the world’s population. 50% to 70% of HBV carriers have active viral replication and are chronic hepatitis B. Five-year follow-up studies show that the incidence of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients is 2% to 20%, and cirrhosis developing into liver cancer accounts for 6% to 15%. According to the survey, it is estimated that about 25% to 40% of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B will eventually die of cirrhosis or combined liver cancer. In terms of gender, the risk of HBV carriers eventually dying from related liver diseases is 50% for men and 15% for women. This is related to the fact that the virus is not easily cleared in men as well as smoking and alcohol consumption. Hepatitis virus carriers, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer are the common evolution of liver disease, because the key words of carriage, chronic, cirrhosis and cancer are all translated with C as the first letter of the English word, thus it is jokingly called “C major tetralogy” by professionals. The first letter of the English transliteration of the words “cirrhosis” and “cancer” is “C”. However, this “C major”, which has been interpreted by many famous composers in many beautiful movements, constitutes a march of deteriorating disease here. Will all hepatitis B patients develop cirrhosis? Is cirrhosis a terminal disease? Recent studies have found that liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are a slow process, and if detected early and treated with active intervention, fibrosis can be reversed and early cirrhosis can be controlled. Mr. Wang is a hepatitis B virus carrier, because there are no symptoms, can eat and move, coupled with the usual busy work, so they do not think, when they feel sick to the hospital, but found that there is cirrhosis, the doctor told him that if he usually pay more attention, can avoid cirrhosis, Mr. Wang regrets. There are many clinical cases like Mr. Wang’s. Although they know they are carrying the hepatitis B virus, they do not pay attention to it because they have no symptoms, and when symptoms appear, cirrhosis has already occurred, or even advanced liver cancer, at which point it is useless to regret. In this regard, Director Ren said that review is the best way to avoid it. Some patients only check the “two-and-a-half” test every year, thinking that they can rest easy if they are “small triplets”, not knowing that this is the reason why the disease cannot be detected early. The fundamental goal of hepatitis B treatment is not the conversion of various viral markers to negative, but the effective containment of viral replication and the development of inflammation to chronicity and fibrosis, thus promoting the recovery of damaged liver function. A “major triple positive” does not indicate serious tissue damage to the liver, as opposed to a “minor triple positive” which does not indicate the absence of inflammatory activity in the liver, and clinically, due to the “minor triple positive In addition, it is very common for patients to be found only after cirrhosis has occurred due to reduced vigilance caused by “small triple positive”. Patients with liver disease should be reviewed regularly For patients with hepatitis, regular review is very important. Patients with hepatitis should have their liver function reviewed at most once every six months to see if there is any damage to liver function, i.e. whether there is an increase in transaminases, bilirubin, globulin, and whether there is a decrease in albumin. The function of liver function is to determine the degree of damage to the liver inflammation at that time. In addition, ultrasound should be reviewed to see if there is gradual shrinkage of the liver, liver fibrosis in the liver, and gradual enlargement of the spleen, etc. The role of ultrasound is to indicate the degree of accumulation of liver inflammation. Director Ren said it is important to note that ultrasound examinations are only of greater significance if they are dynamic, i.e. the ultrasound results of the liver, gallbladder and spleen are compared with each other several times before and after to detect problems. Many patients think that after each ultrasound examination the doctor has seen the results of the checklist is useless, so they throw it away, which is a wrong approach. In addition, patients with hepatitis over 40 years old, with lipid and blood sugar abnormalities, should consider rechecking AFP, and if there are obvious changes in lifestyle habits, such as general weakness, poor eating habits, inability to eat fatty foods, etc., AFP should be rechecked. although AFP is 70% positive, AFP can be significantly elevated before ultrasound, CT, MIR does not find liver masses This is the most effective method for early detection of primary liver cancer, which is currently recognized by the medical community. Then, Director Ren talked about the Hepatitis B test. He believes that this test is second to the former because it only reflects the replication status of the virus, but not the inflammation of the liver. Some patients do not have any symptoms and their transaminases are not high, but ultrasound examination of the liver gradually shrinks and the spleen gradually increases in size, which also indicates active inflammation of the liver, which can easily develop into cirrhosis if not treated actively. Anti-viral is the key to treating chronic hepatitis B At present, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B generally adopts a combination of anti-viral, immunomodulation, improving liver function and anti-fibrosis, but anti-viral treatment is one of the main and most critical treatment measures. Director Ren went on to explain that although hepatitis B virus (HBV) does not directly cause hepatocyte lesions, it can induce an immune response in the body, causing immunopathological changes in hepatocytes, resulting in inflammation, necrosis and fibrotic lesions. Numerous clinical studies have proven that HBV continues to replicate in the body and is the cause of the continued activity and development of liver lesions, which can even further develop into cirrhosis, severe hepatitis and liver cancer. Therefore, the removal of HBV with antiviral therapy is the fundamental treatment measure. There are three main categories of drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: interferons, nucleoside analogues, and immunomodulators. However, the specific application of antiviral drugs should master the indications, not suitable for every patient, such as interferon, if you do not grasp the indications, even if repeatedly applied, the efficacy may still be unsatisfactory, or even mistaken that the antiviral effect of interferon itself is not good, so Director Ren reminded that the application of antiviral drugs, after the hospital to test the relevant indicators, and under the guidance of professional doctors to use. The knowledge of liver disease needs to be further popularized Liver disease is a general term for diseases that occur in the liver, and it does not refer to hepatitis alone. The causes of liver disease are not only viral infections, but also hepatotoxic drugs, alcohol, and autoimmune damage, which can lead to liver disease. However, there are still many people who do not know much about liver disease, and there are even some misconceptions. For example, the contagiousness of hepatitis B. People often exaggerate its contagiousness one-sidedly because of the fear of hepatitis B. However, it is not transmitted through the respiratory tract like SARS, but through the blood, and the onset of hepatitis B in China is characterized by vertical transmission of patients mostly from mother to child, and daily contact is generally not infectious to hepatitis B. As for the one-sided understanding of liver disease, Director Ren further corrected that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, which seriously endanger human health, are caused by the metabolic disorders of the body. The liver is one of the most important metabolic centers in the body, playing a very important role in the metabolism of cholesterol, fat and blood sugar in the body. If the liver becomes diseased and affects its normal metabolic function, it will inevitably lead to disorders in the metabolism of cholesterol, fat and blood sugar, and the accumulation of these substances in the body will become the main cause of the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Therefore, a deep understanding of the importance of the liver and the relationship between liver diseases and the development of systemic and metabolic diseases is something that every clinician, patient and the general public should pay special attention to.