Liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors and its mortality rate takes the third place among malignant tumors. As liver cancer is asymptomatic in early stage, it is mostly in middle and late stage once detected. Although the effective treatment methods such as surgery, intervention, microwave, radiofrequency, radiotherapy, targeted drugs, Chinese medicine and other effective treatments have been increased in recent years to prolong its average survival, but it is still not clinically satisfactory. The 5-year survival rate after surgical resection is only about 20%. It can be seen that liver cancer has posed a serious threat to human life and health.
For the causes of liver cancer, most scholars believe that it may be related to hepatitis virus infection (involving hepatitis B, C and D), aflatoxin, drinking water pollution, genetics and other factors, while the close relationship between hepatitis B virus infection leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is more accepted. More than 90% of liver cancer patients in China have a background of hepatitis B (HBV) infection. Every year, about 300,000 people die of liver disease and 110,000 people die of liver cancer, and there are 120 million hepatitis B carriers (that is, those who have positive blood test for hepatitis B surface antigen but no hepatitis symptoms), and about 1 million newborns are infected with hepatitis B every year because their mothers are carriers, and some of them develop into chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and finally liver cancer can occur. Therefore, vertical transmission of hepatitis is an important factor for the high incidence of liver cancer. Therefore, the vertical transmission of hepatitis is an important factor in the high incidence of liver cancer. Many of the liver cancer patients treated clinically have family history, so the prevention of liver cancer should start with the prevention of hepatitis B.
I. Understanding hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B “two pairs of half” is the most commonly used serum marker for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in domestic hospitals, including five indicators, namely hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBeAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBcAb). antibodies (anti-HBcAb), etc.
1. The first item is positive and the remaining four items are negative. This kind of hepatitis B five test result indicates the late latent stage of acute hepatitis B virus infection.
2.The first three items are positive and the remaining three items are negative. This kind of hepatitis B five test result indicates that it is the early stage of acute hepatitis B.
3.The first and fourth items are positive, and the remaining three items are negative. This indicates that chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers are prone to turn negative or tend to recover from acute infection.
4.The first and fifth items are positive, and the remaining three items are negative. It means that it is acute or chronic hepatitis B, namely.
① acute HBV infection.
② chronic HBsAg carriers.
③ infectious weak.
5, the first, three, five positive, the remaining two negative. Commonly known as the “Big Three”, this hepatitis B five results indicate that the acute and chronic hepatitis B.
6.The first, fourth and fifth items are positive, and the remaining two items are negative. Commonly known as “small three positive”, indicating that it is acute and chronic hepatitis B.
7, the first, three, four, five positive: indicates that acute hepatitis B infection tends to recover or chronic hepatitis B virus carriers.
8, the second positive, the remaining four negative. Description.
① had been injected with hepatitis B vaccine and produced antibodies and have immunity.
② had been infected with hepatitis B virus and have some immunity.
③ False positive.
9. The second, fourth and fifth items are positive and the remaining two are negative. It means that it is the recovery period of hepatitis B and has immunity.
10. The second and fifth items are positive, and the remaining three are negative. The hepatitis B five results indicate that the person has recovered from hepatitis B vaccination or hepatitis B virus infection and has immunity.
11. The fourth and fifth items are positive and the remaining three items are negative. The hepatitis B five results indicate recovery from acute hepatitis B virus infection or a previous hepatitis B virus infection.
12. The fifth item is positive, and the remaining four are negative. This indicates that the person is a recessive carrier of the hepatitis B virus or is in the window period of infection, and also indicates that he has been infected with the hepatitis B virus.
13.The five items of hepatitis B are all negative indicating that they have not been infected with HBV in the past and at present, but currently have no protective antibodies.
Second, how to prevent.
1, cut off the transmission route: China has begun to use hepatitis B vaccine to prevent hepatitis B and reduce the chance of hepatitis, vaccination is mainly for children within 1 year old. In addition, injection and blood transfusion are also important to prevent the transmission route. If you suffer from hepatitis, you should actively carry out reasonable treatment, avoid the application of drugs that damage the liver, as well as abstain from alcohol, and take proper rest and a reasonable diet to reduce the chances of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer.
2, active treatment of hepatitis: hepatitis treatment should be vigilant, do not ignore, patients suffering from hepatitis B should go to a professional infectious disease hospital or regular hospital infectious disease department consultation or treatment. In recent years, with the in-depth understanding of the hepatitis B virus, long-acting interferon and nucleoside antiviral drugs have been introduced, the treatment of hepatitis B has made a breakthrough, long-term effective antiviral therapy can significantly delay the progress of the disease, prevent the occurrence of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and even reverse cirrhosis to a certain extent, which has been widely confirmed in clinical practice, so the future of hepatitis B treatment is very bright, all the Hepatitis B patients should have confidence in the future!
3, maintain a good attitude: mention hepatitis B, the first thing that comes to mind is the infectious disease, hepatitis B patients are full of low self-esteem for this reason, and even depressed all day, do not interact with people, afraid to pass to others, the surrounding crowd is also often because someone is a hepatitis B patients and alienated friends. In fact, hepatitis B is a blood-borne disease, and ordinary daily contact is not enough to infect. Therefore, patients should maintain a good attitude, actively cooperate with treatment, appropriate exercise to maintain a happy mood, adequate sleep, moderate work and rest, patients try to reduce physical labor and intense exercise.
Early diagnosis and treatment.
In order to improve the treatment effect of liver cancer, it is necessary to start from “early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment”. According to domestic reports, some patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma found by census and early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by many hospitals for many years have survived for more than 5-10 years. Small hepatocellular carcinoma is “single, less than 3cm, without intrahepatic vascular invasion”, and patients at this stage do not have any symptoms, which makes early detection and treatment difficult. Therefore, the key to reduce the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and improve its cure rate and survival rate is to start from prevention and early diagnosis and treatment.
With the development of ultrasound, CT, MRI and imaging diagnostic techniques, the localized diagnosis of liver cancer has been improved to the level of 1 cm size, and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has become a meaningful test because it is positive in 60-70% of liver cancer patients. Since early liver cancer is asymptomatic, regular ultrasound and AFP tests are advocated in high-risk groups of liver cancer such as hepatitis B patients, liver disease patients, and those over 35 years old with family history of liver cancer for early diagnosis of liver cancer.