Transient ischemic attack, referred to as TIA, is a transient or transient, focal brain or retinal dysfunction caused by intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of transient aphasia, paralysis, or sensory disturbance, each lasting several minutes and usually fully recovering within 60 min. In folklore, when the name transient ischemic attack is mentioned by the people, many people may not take it seriously, thinking that transient cerebral ischemia is nothing and will pass in a while. In fact, this perception is wrong. Transient ischemic attack, regardless of the number and duration of episodes, indicates that the patient is at high risk of stroke and is a super warning signal for stroke. Generally speaking, the occurrence of TIA is mainly related to intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions, especially atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid artery and vertebral artery system, which cause severe stenosis and plaque ulceration and detachment. Therefore, once TIA occurs, such as transient dizziness, speech impairment, impaired consciousness, impaired movement of limbs, and transient blackness should be taken seriously enough to go to the hospital immediately for cervical and intracranial vascular examination, and if vascular lesions are found, they need to be treated as soon as possible to avoid stroke and irreversible neurological necrosis. Under the leadership of Prof. Wang Bing, our hospital has been treating transient ischemic attacks caused by extracranial artery stenosis since 1999, and has performed more than 3,000 surgeries, which is the leading level in China, and has rich clinical experience.