Transient ischemic attack Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a transient or transient, focal cerebral or retinal dysfunction caused by intracranial vascular lesions, with symptoms generally lasting 10 to 15 minutes, mostly recovering within 1 hour, up to 24 hours, and can recur without leaving signs and symptoms of neurological deficits. It is also known as transient ischemic attack or mini-stroke (stroke). Transient ischemic attack is the most important risk factor for permanent stroke, and its most important cause is atherosclerosis. Clinical manifestations 1. Most commonly seen in people over 50 years of age with high risk factors and cervical spine osteophytes; more males than females. 2, clinical features: sudden onset of symptoms during quiet or activity; symptoms peak at 2-5 min, short duration, 24h complete recovery, no sequelae; often recurrent. 3. Symptoms depend on the distribution of the involved vessels ① Common symptoms of TIA in the internal carotid artery system: transient black clouding, weakness or numbness of one side of the face or limb, etc. Treatment points 1.Etiological treatment control blood pressure; lower blood sugar; reduce blood viscosity; control arrhythmia, stabilize heart function; treat cerebral arteritis; prevent excessive neck activity. 2.Pharmacological treatment against platelet aggregation: enteric aspirin, 100mg/d, can effectively reduce stroke recurrence; clopidogrel 75mg each time, 1 time/d; less adverse effects, better combined with aspirin; Ozagrel, etc. (1) Anticoagulation: For frequent TIA, or long duration of attack, each symptom aggravation without obvious contraindication to anticoagulation can be anticoagulated early. Heparin, low molecular weight heparin calcium, warfarin. (2) Calcium channel blockers: can dilate blood vessels and stop cerebral vasospasm. Nimodipine, nifedipine, flunarizine hydrochloride. (3) Traditional Chinese medicine: Chuanxiong, Salvia, Safflower, etc. Eliminate microthrombosis, improve cerebral blood flow, and establish collateral circulation. 3.Vascular intervention or surgical treatment is feasible for patients with cerebral hemodynamic disorders caused by intracranial and extracranial vascular stenosis, stenting and internal carotid artery stripping.