Transient ischemic attack is a transient, limited cerebral deficit or retinal dysfunction caused by a cerebrovascular lesion, with clinical symptoms usually lasting 10-20 minutes, mostly resolving within an hour, and generally not exceeding 24 hours. The probability of ischemic stroke within 48 hours for frequent episodes of transient ischemic attack can be as high as 50%. Clinical manifestations include unilateral limb weakness, numbness, slurred and unclear speech, visual impairment, and transient amnesia. The pathogenesis has multiple causes, the most important of which is severe arterial stenosis in the internal carotid system or basilar artery system due to various causes (e.g., atherosclerosis and arteritis), on the basis of which rapid fluctuations in blood pressure lead to transient ischemia in areas of blood-supplying brain tissue maintained by collateral circulation; the clinical symptoms of this type of cerebral ischemia are more stereotypical and the frequency of attacks is high, with several episodes per week. Other causes may include microemboli theory, blood disorders, various anemias, thrombocytosis, etc. The aim of treatment is to eliminate the primary cause, reduce and prevent recurrence, and protect brain function. For example, control of blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar, correction of anemia, etc. For arterial stenosis over 70%, stenting should be performed to dilate the stenotic vessels. Prognosis In untreated cases, some develop to death, some continue, and some may resolve on their own.