Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are transient recurrent episodes of localized cerebral ischemia resulting in transient neurological deficits in the corresponding cerebral blood supply areas. Cerebral ischemia becomes focal, transient and recurrent is the main characteristic of this disease. Clinical significance of TIA 1. TIA mostly occurs in middle-aged and elderly people, and is more common in men. The onset is sudden, often without obvious cause, with rapid onset of signs and symptoms of limited neurological deficits, peaking in a few minutes, followed by complete recovery, and no neurological sequelae on examination 24 hours later, but CT or MRI examination often shows infarcts of different incidence. 2. TIA usually lasts for a few minutes or more than 10 minutes, usually within 30 minutes, and the symptoms have usually disappeared by the time the patient comes to the clinic. Recurrent episodes with similar symptoms each time. The transient and recurrent nature of TIA is often compared to “intermittent claudication of the brain”. TIA is recognized as the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke, and frequent episodes of TIA are the precursor or special alarm for cerebral infarction. TIA of the internal carotid artery system and TIA of the vertebral basilar artery showing transient blackness are the most likely to cause cerebral infarction. 25% of patients with TIA complain of headache during the attack. 4. The clinical diagnosis of TIA has a tendency to expand to varying degrees, which has attracted domestic and international attention. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in the cerebrovascular proposed that the clinical manifestations of TIA are most commonly motor disorders, and the diagnosis should be cautious when only one limb or facial sensory disorder, visual loss or aphasic attacks occur; symptoms such as numbness and dizziness are not necessarily TIA.