Glycogen storage disease is a disease caused by excessive deposition of glycogen in tissues due to an inherited disorder of glucose metabolism. Glycogen storage disease can be classified into 11 types depending on the enzyme defect that causes the disorder and the tissue in which the excess glycogen is deposited. The disease is autosomal recessive and can also be disseminated. It can be clinically classified into infantile, pediatric and adult forms. Glycogen storage disease type II is caused by acid maltase deficiency, which leads to glycogen deposition in lysosomes, lysosomal proliferation, destruction, and even release of abnormal lysosomal enzymes, resulting in a series of structural damage to blood cells. In the neurological system, the main manifestation is motor disorders, with myalgia, myasthenia gravis, pseudohypertrophy, and other myopathic manifestations being more common.