Adenoids, also known as proliferators, are a mass of lymphoid tissue located at the top of the nasopharynx. Like the tonsils, adenoids are one of the important immune organs of the body, located in the posterior critical part of the nasal cavity, and are the first immune barrier for the upper respiratory tract to join the lower respiratory tract, resembling the position of a gatekeeper, often exposed to bacteria and other foreign pathogenic factors, causing an immune response, and having the function of protecting the respiratory tract and promoting immunity to infection. Protective and defensive functions. Like the tonsils, pediatric adenoids contain lymphocytes at all stages of development, such as B cells, T cells, plasma cells, phagocytes, dendritic cells, etc., which have both humoral and cellular immune effects. If for some reason the adenoids are persistently enlarged, affecting the adjacent organs and the health of the body, they are called adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoids can also produce a variety of immunoglobulins, such as JgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, especially IgA, which is a major immune defense barrier against infection and allergy on the mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract and plays an important role in local immune regulation. The size of the adenoids gradually increases from early childhood to the maximum at the age of 4-6 years, and remains stable at the age of 6-8 years, and starts to shrink gradually after the age of 8 years. Adenoids can be pathologically hyperplastic due to repeated stimulation of inflammation, called adenoid hypertrophy, which often coexists with chronic tonsillitis and sinusitis, and is often complicated by exudative otitis media. The clinical manifestations of adenoid hypertrophy include open-mouth breathing, nasal congestion, snoring during sleep, sleep apnea, and adenoidal facies. Clinical manifestations 1. Nasal congestion and snoring: children with adenoid hypertrophy blocking the posterior nostril and pharyngeal pharyngeal opening, the symptoms of which are varying degrees of nasal congestion, open-mouth breathing during sleep, backward tongue root often snoring in sleep, sleeping on their stomachs, restless sleep at night, tossing and turning in sleep, prone to tumbling and restlessness. 2, often complicated by rhinitis, sinusitis, with nasal congestion and runny nose and other symptoms; increased nasal secretions and nasal sound: adenoid hypertrophy can be accompanied by clear or pus nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal sound when speaking, voice slurred. Ataxia between swallowing and breathing is dysfunctional, so choking and coughing often occur with adenoid hypertrophy. 3.The posterior flow of nasal secretions can stimulate the mucosa of the lower respiratory tract and spread the inflammation to the lower respiratory tract, and the children are prone to bronchitis or asthma, which can also cause chronic cough. 4. Non-suppurative otitis media caused by obstruction of the eustachian tube can lead to hearing loss, tympanic membrane invagination or middle ear effusion. Adenoid hypertrophy can be complicated by secretory otitis media, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus, sometimes causing purulent otitis media; 5, adenoid hypertrophy long-term open-mouth breathing, resulting in facial bone development disorders, the maxilla becomes longer, the hard palate high arch, dental alignment, upper incisors exposed, thick lips, lack of facial expression, with dementia, the formation of “adenoid face “The adenoid face. 6, adenoid hypertrophy can lead to purulent secretions attached to the posterior wall of the pharynx, high and narrow hard palate, often accompanied by tonsillar hypertrophy, anterior rhinoscopy, visible red-like elevation of the nasopharynx, palpation can be felt on the top posterior wall of the nasopharynx with soft lymphoid tissue masses, not easy to bleed. 7, adenoid hypertrophy of other symptoms: mainly manifested as chronic hypoxia and neurological symptoms, manifested as fatigue, weakness, slow reaction, inattention, malnutrition and other symptoms.