1, can diabetics eat fruit?
Fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals and fiber, which are beneficial to diabetics, however, they also contain sucrose, glucose and dextrose, and sugar is to limit the intake, so it is necessary to eat fruits reasonably. Diabetes is not a blanket rejection of fruit, the key lies in the type of fruit, the amount and the way to eat.
The sugar content of fruits varies greatly. For example, watermelon contains 4.2% sugar; peach, pear, batch about 8% ~ 10%; apple, sweet orange, citrus about 11% ~ 13%; banana, persimmon, litchi about 14% ~ 16%; dates, sugar cane, red fruit about 20%. Try to avoid the dried fruits with high sugar content. Some vegetables can be eaten as fruit, both rich in vitamins, fiber and inorganic salts, and delicious and juicy, while containing less sugar, can be eaten by diabetics. Such as tomatoes contain only 2% sugar, vegetable melon, cucumber sugar content is also 2%, for diabetics to provide a fruit substitute.
The last is the way to eat fruit. Eating fruit is best eaten between meals or before going to bed, a small amount to start, such as half an orange or apple, up to 10Og. To subtract the amount of the corresponding staple food from the treatment plan, generally 2Og oranges or apples need to subtract 25g staple food.
2, diabetics should not eat food containing sugar, then the market sale of xylitol and oligosaccharides containing many foods can be consumed?
Xylitol as a functional sweetener, can participate in human metabolism, into the blood, without insulin can penetrate into the cells and metabolism is fast, will not cause blood sugar, but xylitol and glucose are the same carbohydrates composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen elements, in the late metabolic, it needs insulin to promote. Xylitol eaten too much, blood triglycerides rise, therefore, diabetics should not eat more xylitol.
Oligosaccharides, which are small polysaccharides composed of 3-10 monosaccharides, have two major categories: functional oligosaccharides and common oligosaccharides. Sucrose, maltose, lactose, algose and maltotriose belong to common oligosaccharides, which can be digested and absorbed by the body. Functional oligosaccharides include hydrosugar, cottonseed sugar, oligofructose, oligo-xylose, oligo-isomaltose and so on. There is no enzyme system in human intestine to hydrolyze these oligosaccharides, so they are not digested and absorbed but directly enter the large intestine, which will not cause blood sugar increase and can be consumed.
3.Does the long-term use of hypoglycemic drugs damage liver and kidney function?
There are many kinds of oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as insulin-producing drugs, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitizers, etc. The ratio of metabolism through liver and kidney is different, and if the following aspects are paid attention to in the selection of drugs, the chance of liver and kidney damage is very small.
(1) Firstly, select drugs according to the patient’s liver and kidney function and age.
(2) The medication should start with a small dose and a single drug, and increase the dosage or increase the variety of drugs according to the change of blood sugar.
(3) The use of hypoglycemic drugs with similar effects should not overlap.
(4) The daily dosage of each drug should not be too large.
(5) Regularly monitor liver and kidney function, and adjust the type of oral medication or switch to injectable insulin when there are mild changes in liver and kidney function.
4.Is it necessary to use medication in case of abnormal glucose tolerance?
Patients with abnormal glucose tolerance are generally not treated with medication. Through diet control and exercise therapy, blood sugar is well controlled in most cases and can last for several years without developing diabetes, but there are some patients who are not well controlled or are stimulated by emergency and transform into diabetes. Patients whose blood sugar is still poorly controlled after treatment by diet control and exercise therapy, or who are obese with hyperinsulinemia, can use metformin or insulin sensitizer in small doses to improve insulin sensitivity and weight loss and delay the onset of diabetes.
5.How to explain the positive urine glucose with normal blood sugar?
There are two cases of normal blood glucose and positive urine sugar.
(1) The retention of urine is not synchronized with the time of blood collection. Patients often measure the urine sugar of mixed urine before and after meals. If the urine sugar before meals is measured, it is necessary to drain the urine half an hour before meals, and then keep the urine before meals to measure it, and then measure the blood sugar before meals.
(2) If there is still urine sugar under the above circumstances, it is necessary to consider that there is an obstacle to the absorption of sugar by the kidney tubules, and it is necessary to check the problems of the kidney. Of course, the first thing is to exclude the false-positive factors that affect the urine sugar test. Such as high dose of vitamin C oral intake, etc.
6.What new drugs are currently available for diabetes?
The new drugs for diabetes that have been marketed are
(1) Insulin secretagogue: Repaglinide Characteristics of action: fast onset of action, short duration of action, concentrated action on postprandial glucose load, which is an important factor in the treatment of type II diabetes. In addition, the drug is rarely excreted through the kidneys, which is more beneficial for those with low renal function, such as the elderly.
(2) Insulin sensitizer: Pioglitazone is derived from thiazolidinedione. Action characteristics: The drug can significantly increase the uptake of glucose in peripheral tissues, while causing a decrease in plasma insulin levels, without increasing body weight, and facilitating the normalization of blood cholesterol and triglycerides. The drug is more suitable for obese diabetic patients.
New drugs not yet marketed.
(1) Intestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 has the ability to increase the secretion of insulin in human body, lower blood sugar and suppress hunger. The action characteristics: it works when the patient’s blood glucose rises and decreases when the blood glucose decreases, avoiding the occurrence of hypoglycemia caused by excessive secretion of insulin, and it is safe and reliable to use.
(2) Starlix, a derivative of D-phenylalanine, is the first product of a new class of drugs. It works by stimulating rapid, short-acting insulin secretion to lower blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. The product lowers the postprandial blood glucose peak and the action starts rapidly.
7. Are normal blood glucose levels currently falling?
During the First International Congress on Prediabetes and Metabolic Syndrome held by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in Berlin, Germany in April this year, the first “IDF Global Consensus Definition of Metabolic Syndrome” proposed by an international group of diabetic experts was discussed and adopted. “In this definition, fasting blood glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L is considered hyperglycemia. This is a decrease from the previous 6.1mmol/L. This is to facilitate early detection of individuals who meet the requirements for preventive intervention to reduce the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.