Our daily life is full of all kinds of magnetic field radiation, and the question of whether and to what extent these have an effect on fertility is consistently the focus of discussion! The biological effects of electromagnetic fields on human structures are extremely complex, partly because of the large number of factors involved (frequency, wavelength, intensity of radiation as well as duration of exposure, height and shape of the individual, direction of the radiation, type of tissues irradiated, etc.); and partly because the human body is considered to be a coherent electrically charged system, rather than the traditionally thought of as a chemo-mechanical model. The complexity of the mechanisms by which EMFs affect fertility and pregnancy is due to the fact that the mother’s exposure to them is more characteristic than that of the embryo or fetus. It is also due to differences in male and female anatomy, such that an EMF of a particular frequency affects spermatogenesis in males, while an EMF of another frequency may affect the gonadal axis in females. The debate about the relationship between humans and EMFs has been going on for many years, with one viewpoint being that it is related to the thermal effect, like microwaving food, as a byproduct of the heating of tissues; the other viewpoint is that it is not related to the thermal effect, and that it is a biological reaction that is non-thermal. Although it is not clear how the electromagnetic effect is produced, the hypothesis of a non-thermal effect is nowadays recognized. For various frequencies of radiation, the human body is more or less able to absorb part of it, but the most effective absorption is FM waves. This consumer product has increased significantly in the last decade. Further research has shown that human organs and tissues absorb radiation differently, with the human eye, brain and testes being particularly sensitive. The water and mineral content of the body’s organs and tissues determines the strength of the response to electromagnetic fields. Thousands of studies have been conducted worldwide on electromagnetic fields, many of which are related to the effects on humans or animals. The studies include controlled experiments on animals, observations in related occupations, and epidemiological surveys. Decreased fertility, increased rates of birth defects in infants, intracranial tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma have been reported in people living near high-voltage lines or working in the electrical sector. The same has been reported for people working at radar-equipped stations or law enforcers with radar guns, as well as for people living near radio and television relay stations. A number of studies in the 1940s showed that people who manned radar on ocean liners had reduced sperm counts and an increased incidence of Down’s syndrome in their children. Two more recent studies have shown that MRI operators and technicians in thermal therapy, they also have an increased rate of miscarriage. Numerous animal studies have shown that offspring of animals exposed to EMFs at different frequencies, intensities, and durations will have varying degrees of reduced fertility, decreased intrauterine pregnancy rates, testicular atrophy, miscarriages, low body weight, and birth defects. Changes in the immune system, changes in endocrine and brain neurotransmission, and loss of cell surface calcium ions were also found in these animals. Experiments also showed that melatonin and endocrine gland secretion was suppressed in these animals, and testosterone production was decreased in males. Most studies have been done on short-term exposure to high-intensity EMFs, but animals exposed to low-intensity EMFs have also been studied and observed for damaging effects. Two recent studies found DNA damage from exposure to microwaves at frequencies similar to those of headphones. A series of studies from 1980 to 1990 confirmed that women with electric blankets, electric hot water beds, and rooms heated with resistance wires had about a 50 percent increase in miscarriages. Miscarriage rates were significantly higher in winter than in summer due to increased heating. Studies have also shown that one segment of electromagnetic field frequencies is more damaging than others. Damage to the human anatomy has been demonstrated for both electromagnetic and microwave frequencies. An increase in certain chemicals in the body of laboratory animals exposed to EMFs can be observed when they feel stressed and irritated. This stress response is sometimes present in electromagnetic fields that are not sensed, but the change in chemical substances can still be observed. It is well known that the stress response can lead to endocrine disruption in both women and men, which can affect reproductive function. Some studies have also shown that certain low-frequency electromagnetic waves can, initially, stimulate the immune system. If exposure continues, the immune system is suppressed. Some unexplained infertility, or some infertile patients with antibodies present in both spouses, can eventually be traced back to a history of EMF exposure. The most prominent study today is that a decrease in hypothalamic melatonin can explain a portion of infertility cases. Whereas in the past it was mostly believed that EMFs affected fertility in two ways, by affecting the female gonadal axis and by affecting male sperm production. The best advice is: if you are trying to conceive, carefully avoid and guard against the effects of EMFs to minimize their impact on you as much as possible; don’t use electric blankets; (unless you unplug them before you go to bed, the current is always present in the cord, whether it is on or off.) Use hairdryers, razors and headphones sparingly; keep an arm’s length away from your computer screen; change your work environment to avoid printers, photocopiers, fax machines and so on. Equally important to note is the operation of your coworkers’ machines. This is because the strongest EMF effects still come from the back and sides of the instruments. When watching TV at home, stay at least 8 feet away. Household appliances at home, such as induction cooktops, microwave ovens, refrigerators, washing machines, etc., also have to be repositioned as far away from you as possible, because electromagnetic waves weaken very quickly with distance, just a difference of 1 foot or 3 feet, but the intensity is significantly different.