How is amyloid deposition diagnosed?

Amyloid deposition, also known as systemic amyloidosis, is a disease that disrupts cellular and organ function due to the deposition of amyloid in the interstitial spaces of extracellular tissues throughout the body, as recently defined by Picken et al: amyloidosis is a group of disorders caused by different factors, such as genetic degeneration and infection. It is a syndrome of amyloid deposition due to abnormal folding of protein molecules caused by different factors such as genetic degeneration and infection. The clinical manifestations are heterogeneous because the deposited amyloid protein and the affected organs vary. The common organs involved are liver, kidney, nerves, heart, gastrointestinal tract, etc. The skin, tongue, and lymph nodes are the most commonly involved tissues. All tissues and organs of the body can be involved, but not necessarily with clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of amyloid deposition begins with a detailed history of the present illness, which should focus on the past history and family history The past history should include a history of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease tuberculosis, septic osteomyelitis and septic chest kidney dialysis treatment. The possibility of the presence of systemic amyloidosis should be considered for unexplained cardiac enlargement and heart failure, hepatomegaly, proteinuria generalized lymphadenomegaly, intractable pleural effusion and complete hematocrit. Laboratory tests that are helpful in the diagnosis of amyloid deposition are: 1. Bence-Jone protein test in urine. Bone marrow aspiration smear, the proportion of immature and mature plasma cells in the bone marrow of systemic amyloidosis AL type exceeds 15%, and myeloma cells can be seen at the same time. 3, AF type to determine the relevant variant proteins in the plasma. The most reliable way to confirm the diagnosis is to confirm that there is amyloid deposition in the tissue interstitium, and the most reliable way is to do biopsy and pathological sectioning from the lesioned tissue.