Tinnitus is a sound sensation in one (or both) ears or head of the patient. There is no external source of sound. It is often described as a hissing sound. A buzzing or screeching ringing sound is induced. It is a common symptom of ear disease and can also occur in other systemic diseases. Clinically, tinnitus is often divided into objective tinnitus and subjective tinnitus. Objective tinnitus is a sound that can be heard by the examiner in addition to the patient. It is mainly caused by muscle clonus or vascular murmur. When we refer to tinnitus, we are referring to subjective tinnitus. Tinnitus often occurs simultaneously or sequentially with deafness and is often caused by ear disease or as a symptom of systemic disease. Tinnitus is a common clinical symptom. It has a high incidence, with about 17% of the population experiencing tinnitus, and 4% to 5% of the population seeking medical attention for it. In recent years, the incidence of tinnitus has gradually increased with the change of dietary habits, the increasing aging of the population, the deterioration of industrial and environmental noise pollution, and the accelerated pace of life. As a common symptom, tinnitus not only bothers many patients but also many doctors. Tinnitus affects different individuals in different ways. For some individuals it may cause only mild discomfort, while for others it causes severe distress, leading to sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression or vocal fear. Persistent tinnitus is usually accompanied by irritability and lack of concentration, affecting work, recreation and social interactions, and is therefore receiving increasing attention. Tinnitus is an auditory disorder with a complex mechanism that is not well understood. Cochlear tinnitus, or inner ear tinnitus, is caused by a lesion in the hair cells or spiral ganglia of the cochlear spiral, which leads to abnormal spontaneous discharge in that area, and the brain’s auditory cortex perceives the abnormal discharge activity of the cochlear nerve endings and forms tinnitus. When the electrical insulation between the hair cells or nerve fiber structures of the inner ear is disrupted by certain factors, spontaneous neuroelectrical activity occurs, and this sound is perceived by the auditory center and cortex as well as tinnitus. Tinnitus produced by posterior cochlear lesions such as auditory neuroma is caused by partial breakage of the myelin sheath of the auditory nerve fibers. Loss of myelin sheath can reduce the insulation of the nerve fibers, and abnormal bioelectrical activity of the auditory nerve occurs. Snail tinnitus can be diagnosed with the aid of otoacoustic emissions, and posterior snail tinnitus can be diagnosed with the aid of auditory brainstem responses for posterior snail lesions. Diagnosis and treatment] Because subjective tinnitus lacks objective detection methods and assessment criteria, it makes the diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus somewhat difficult. Nowadays, the diagnosis of tinnitus can be made by: ① Detailed examination, including the nature, occurrence and duration of tinnitus, general condition, history of surgery, trauma, drug use, history of occupational exposure, etc. ②Ultrasound and imaging examinations to determine or exclude occupying lesions or other diseases with clear pathological manifestations. ③Some other necessary examinations, otologic examinations such as pure tone audiometry, otoacoustic emission, auditory brainstem response, etc.; EEG for recording neural electrical activity. Cochlear electrographic tracings, magnetoencephalography, and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. ④ The determination of the severity of tinnitus needs to be assessed with the help of subjective scales, such as the Tinnitus Disability Questionnaire, Tinnitus Severity Index, Tinnitus Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scoring Method and Tinnitus Disorder Inventory List. In foreign countries, visual analog scales and questionnaires are often used in combination, while in China, tinnitus severity indexes and lists of scoring criteria are more frequently used. Since the mechanism of tinnitus is not completely understood at this stage, and there is a lack of evidence-based medical evidence for various treatment measures for tinnitus, the current treatment principle is to help patients adjust and adapt to tinnitus symptoms and thus improve their quality of life, rather than to eliminate tinnitus. The first step is to distinguish between subjective and objective tinnitus, and actively manage the diseases associated with tinnitus. For most subjective tinnitus, the following treatments should be used to reduce the neuropsychiatric symptoms accompanying tinnitus to improve quality of life, as appropriate. ① Cognitive-behavioral therapy, masking therapy, distraction and relaxation therapy of tinnitus habituation therapy, which aims to help patients adapt to tinnitus symptoms and reduce the negative impact of tinnitus on normal emotions. ②Psychological counseling and self-psychological adjustment. The patient’s awareness or attitude toward tinnitus and psychological condition have an important impact on the effectiveness of tinnitus treatment. We should follow the principles of tinnitus treatment, not to give patients any negative information about tinnitus and increase their psychological burden, and instruct them to ignore, get used to, forget and adapt to tinnitus as soon as possible, and strive to “live peacefully” with tinnitus. (3) Medication: Although there is no specific medication that can eradicate tinnitus, medication aims to alleviate the severe neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with tinnitus, reduce the degree of disability of tinnitus and thus alleviate tinnitus, but it has no obvious effect on patients with mild psychiatric symptoms of tinnitus. However, it has no significant effect on patients with milder mental symptoms. The drugs that are more frequently used in clinical practice are anti-anxiety drugs, nerve-nourishing drugs and drugs to improve microcirculation. Transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation can reduce tinnitus by changing the excitability of spontaneous neurons in the corresponding auditory cortex. Transcranial stimulation combined with neurobiofeedback therapy can effectively reduce the overactive state of auditory cortex. ⑤ Hearing aids and cochlear implants. It is a good choice for the treatment of tinnitus patients with hearing loss and profound deafness. Hearing aids are more of a masking therapy and central reorganization for the treatment of tinnitus. It has been reported in the literature that the severity of tinnitus is greatly improved after cochlear implantation in postlingually deaf patients, and the mechanism of action is related to masking therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation and central reorganization. The mechanism of action is related to masking therapy, transcranial direct current stimulation and central reorganization. Another misconception in tinnitus treatment is that patients often hope that their doctors will use some so-called special method to completely eliminate tinnitus, which is difficult to do at present. In a sense, many tinnitus symptoms occur as a result of early degeneration of the auditory nervous system due to various causes, and once degeneration has occurred, it is very difficult to control. Therefore, the focus of tinnitus treatment is not to reduce the loudness of tinnitus itself, but to make real efforts to eliminate or reduce insomnia, anxiety and other adverse psychological reactions, so that patients can achieve maximum adaptation to compensate, relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life as soon as possible, rather than to do unnecessary work to completely solve the underlying causes.