The prevalence of psychological disorders in adolescents has been on the rise in recent years. My neurology clinic sees dozens of cases each week of adolescent depression or anxiety or personality or psychiatric disorders. Depression in adolescents is more common and is often characterized by depressed mood, often accompanied by sadness and various painful experiences. Patients show sullenness, lack of talk, cheerfulness, significant decline in grades, and reduced interpersonal interactions. Some patients have mood swings, are easily irritated, lose their temper at the drop of a hat, or cry. Some of them are reluctant to go to school (including requesting to change classes or transfer to other schools), reluctant to interact with others, even too lazy to talk to their parents, and some are associated with theft, fighting, running away from home or self-harm and extreme behavior. Some adolescents believe that they are average looking. Some adolescents think they are average in appearance, not good in intelligence, not good in study, not valued by parents or teachers, etc., and have no self-confidence in themselves. Some of the teenagers who have good academic performance are anxious that they will not be able to maintain their current status. Some parents are not around for a long time, or are around but often quarrelsome or divorced, often in a barren and insecure environment; some go to school to bear the pressure of learning or interpersonal relationships beyond their ability to bear, a certain test failure or bullying or misunderstanding, the child’s heart left anxiety, fear, powerlessness, helplessness, loneliness, overwork and insecurity and other untold suffering pain, develop sensitivity, suspicious, closed, low self-esteem, and the development of a sensitive, low self-esteem. They develop sensitivity, suspicion, closed-mindedness, low self-esteem and arrogance, which make it difficult for them to interact with their peers and adapt to various environments. Chinese people are notorious for spoiling their children all over the world. Parents spoil or spoil their children too much, try to satisfy them materially, but take too much or too little or improper care of them psychologically and mentally, do not let them enjoy the joy of autonomy and “struggle”, and do not or seldom experience proper frustration, so that they will easily develop domineering or pampering or lazy or socially withdrawn characters. Social withdrawal, the same psychological quality or emotional intelligence is not high, and easy to form personality disorders. The term “greenhouse seedlings” or “bean sprouts” is an apt description of this: the outer physical development looks good, but the inner weakness, and it is difficult to adapt to the various environments in society after adulthood, and it is easy to suffer from various mental illnesses after a long time. In reality, parents or guardians should pay attention to their children’s abnormal emotional reactions or abnormal behavior, and promptly give attention, comfort, guidance and explore the possible causes, if necessary, they should seek help from doctors or professional psychologists to eliminate possible hidden problems, so as not to draw attention to and discover the latent problems only after the child has made various overreactions. Causes of adolescent depression and anxiety disorders Adolescent depression is often the result of a combination of factors, mastering the various causes of adolescent depression, you can prevent and intervene appropriately at the source of this psychological disorder that seriously endangers the physical and mental health of adolescents. 1.Stressful event stimulation leads to stress reaction and subsequent results refers to the physical and psychological reactions people make when facing a specific environment or event. And negative life events play an important role in the onset of depression from childhood to adulthood. Stressful events in early childhood, such as childhood neglect, separation anxiety (parents were busy at work and sent their children to an elderly home for a period of time), being physically abused (often beaten), mentally abused (overly harsh parents and teachers, unfair treatment at home or school, being ridiculed or verbally abused) or sexually abused, or losing a parent early in life, or being frightened and intimidated or sick, etc., parents did not divorce, but often argued and fought (children The parents are not divorced, but they often argue and fight (the child is already afraid, and sometimes one parent often complains about the other parent in front of the child) or are strangers (the child can feel it and is inevitably worried), or the parents are divorced and one parent prevents the child from having contact with the other parent, or the parent intentionally or unintentionally takes out resentment on the child, etc. These are important risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders in adolescents. Almost all people with depressive anxiety disorder experience at least one major negative life event in the month prior to the depressive episode, and some of them are gradually accrued by long-term negative factors. In addition, most adolescents experience stressful events before depressive episodes, relapses, and worsening symptoms. Family genetic factors include a genetic component in the etiology of adolescent depression because of a large body of research evidence showing that family history of mental illness, especially parental depression, is associated with the risk of depression in children. The probability of depression inherited by daughters from their mothers is roughly 10-20%. Therefore, parents with a history of depression should take care to avoid showing depression in front of their children and should also focus on professional prevention or treatment of depression. 3. The influence of personality traits and cognitive patterns There is a complex correlation between personality traits and depression. Neuroticism can be inherited to a certain extent, but it can also be formed gradually by environmental influences during the process of growing up. A large number of studies have found that parenting patterns (especially critical before the age of 7) obviously determine the future psychological development of a child’s personality. People with high neuroticism are highly sensitive, prone to significant mood swings, tend to experience more negative emotional experiences, and see things more negatively. Therefore, neuroticism is a predisposing factor for children and adolescents to develop depression and experience more stress. The correlation between neuroticism and adolescent depression is relatively clear. Personality traits and cognitive patterns have been shown to be significantly related to the parenting environment and patterns from 0-7 years of age, although educational patterns and teaching roles also play an important role after age 7. On the other hand, negative cognitive styles, such as self-criticism, low self-esteem, belief that one is unable to cope with negative life events, and unwarranted attribution of fault to oneself, are all susceptibility factors for depression, and their interaction can increase depressive symptoms in individuals who were asymptomatic and become more depressed in those with mild depression. Studying these dysregulated attitudes and behaviors in interaction with stress —– may predict the likelihood of depression in clinical adolescents. Some suggestions or advice for parents Children learn better than they have character! Good character and good emotional intelligence are the base and body parts of the tower that build a normal life; good IQ and good academic performance are the tip part of the tower. The best situation is to have a complete solid tower base and a high tower tip, which is what many parents strive for. The next best thing is to have a complete and solid tower base and an average tower tip, so that the person’s work life is not bad. The next one is a very average tower base and average tower tip, such people can earn their own living, but the life situation is very average. The worst is the base of the tower body there are obstacles, disharmony and incomplete, regardless of how the tip of the tower (even if the tip is very high), such a person’s life will most likely be thorns all over, trapped in the heavy and bumpy, many times even to feed themselves are problems. Many parents only focus on the top part of the tower, and take it for granted that their children are very smart, as long as they study well, can go to a good university, a bright future is guaranteed. In fact, they inadvertently neglect the construction and maintenance of the tower’s foundation and body. When the tower is almost built to the end (refers to the person grows to 15 to 23 years old), the problem is concentrated exposed, only to find that the child’s tower base and tower body turns out to be so fragile, at this time to adjust and modify may be more difficult, the adjustment process needs to spend mental, energy and financial resources, and parents and children must work together to achieve good results. If by the age of 23-30, serious personality disorders (social adjustment disorders) have been formed, it is almost impossible to correct, and the parents of such children can imagine the mood and situation in old age (originally, Chinese people raised their children in order to old age complex is very heavy, but the carelessness of raising children, old age regret! It can be said that “children are not filial or psychologically unhealthy or unable to adapt to society, whose fault is it?) (I think it is the fault of the children who are not filial or mentally unhealthy or cannot adapt to society. With a complete and solid tower base and a high tower tip, most of these children will grow up to be in the upper ranks of the human race, but only a very small number of these children. Most children are still average people, with a less solid tower base and a less tall tower tip, but as long as they are nurtured naturally, they will have no problem becoming a social being (self-supporting). But here is the problem, the original tower base tower body is not very solid, because parents are bent on letting their children only into the Congwai cake first prize porridge or something, despise the coarse food, or only read the sage book, not to hear the mundane things, lack of social universal knowledge and do not understand the world, lack of necessary adaptable exercise or frustrating experience, the result is the tower base tower body is not built strong and solid, can not carry the weight of the tip of the tower. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that many children grow up to become social people, can not feed themselves (even if many children are good intelligence). Therefore, the general direction of training children to cultivate children from childhood positive, cheerful and strong character, learn to tolerate, bear the frustration and aggression of the mental ability, have a normal heart, have a larger mind, do not be too greedy and calculating, to develop the correct problem-solving and handling of affairs. Change and correct the bad tendencies in your child’s personality traits, and cultivate and exercise good character and personality. This has a positive and important significance for the child’s physical and mental health, academic and career success or failure. Change the attitude towards life, do not complain, accumulate grievances, be optimistic, remove bad habits, eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, ensure sleep, and establish a reasonable and appropriate biological clock. The child can make his or her own decisions or do things on his or her own, try to let the child complete independently. The social environment is really worrying, look how many elementary school students are nearsighted? How many students are sleep deprived and look waxy? How many students are bored with their studies? How many students only know how to study? How many boys are not masculine enough (it is recommended that the Ministry of Education mandates that the proportion of male teachers in primary and secondary schools must be at least 1/3)? How many young people have difficulty in coordinating various interpersonal relationships when they enter society, etc.? As parents, we should respect our children and pay attention to their growth (inner feelings) rather than the world’s excessive pursuit of academic achievement, honor, status, etc., and be brave enough to give our children the opportunity to make mistakes (teachers should also improve their humanistic connotations). Take the initiative to get closer to the child, understand the child, and not force the child to do exactly what the parents want. For children, parents’ experience is unique and may have some guidance and reference for children, but parents should not force-feed their children all kinds of their own ideas, do not make them listen to adult instructions on everything, and do not accuse or scold them at every turn. Only if you believe in your child’s uniqueness, are proud of him or her, and often mention the good and positive aspects of your child, children will receive these positive signals (praise is not good, especially not in front of outsiders too much self-aggrandizement of their own children, appropriate affirmation is enough). They are very willing to spend time with their parents and are eager to communicate. Sometimes they need parents’ ideas or solutions; more often, they are eager to be listened to by parents, even for a while, and more often, they are eager to be watched, cared for, encouraged and tolerated by parents silently from a certain distance; on the contrary, if parents complain about their children every day, even if it is an inner thought, without saying it, children can feel it and face a parent who is bored with them. In contrast, if parents complain about their children every day, even if they don’t say what’s on their mind, the children can feel that they are facing a parent who is bored with them, a demanding and demanding parent, and the door to their hearts will gradually close. In fact, each child is like a flower in the garden, and each flower is unique. Maybe your flower is not the most beautiful one in the garden, but as long as he/she is there, he/she has already expressed his/her existence and will be thirsty for certain soil, water and sunlight. If these basic conditions are met, the vast majority will naturally grow and blossom. Today is a small tree, in the future may grow into a large tree. Each tree has its own growth logic and trajectory, its own destiny, and parents do not need to put too much pressure on it or help it grow, except to provide the necessary conditions for survival and exercise proper supervision. In order to accompany children to grow up slowly, parents should also grow up together (psychological aspect) Parents’ parenting mentality and mode are undoubtedly directly related to children’s growth, so after children have psychological problems (lighter ones can be treated without drugs), under the guidance of doctors, while taking regular anti-anxiety or depression drugs, psychological counseling and treatment should be done, and the active cooperation of parents (or direct caregivers) is necessary to have better results. Otherwise, it is difficult to see the real effect. In clinical work, most parents usually try to cooperate for their children’s psychological treatment needs by attending psychological interviews or family therapy in person and adjusting their educational patterns according to the counselor’s suggestions after going home, which is a long-term process, so that the child’s psychological adjustment may be more effective.