Rheumatic fever is not serious in most cases, and most patients can be cured after early diagnosis and timely application of medication. However, some patients with rheumatic fever may be neglected due to atypical early onset of the disease or the cardiac lesions are not serious and have no relevant clinical symptoms, which may easily lead to chronic heart damage, which is the reason why the prognosis of patients with rheumatic fever is not good. Rheumatic fever is the most worried about heart disease, and many patients start the disease with only subclinical carditis or asymptomatic heart valve damage. This is the time when patients need to adhere to long-term prophylaxis against streptococcal infections, and only in this way can the development of valvular heart disease or chronic heart failure be avoided. Once both of these complications develop, the quality of life as well as the survival time of patients with rheumatic fever may be jeopardized.