Atmospheric stenosis is not uncommon in clinical practice, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also threatens their lives. There are many causes of large airway stenosis, mainly malignant tumors of the chest, such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, mediastinal tumors, metastatic tumors, etc. This is followed by inflammation, physical and chemical damage to the airway and other benign lesions that cause large airway stenosis. In recent years, the number of tracheal intubation and tracheotomy cases is increasing, and the number of fibrous tissue hyperplasia stenosis caused by surgery and post-traumatic tracheal injury is also increasing. Fibrous tissue hyperplasia is mostly caused by complications after long-term endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. The Department of Thoracic Medicine of our hospital has been carrying out endotracheal interventions for many years and has various types of bendable bronchoscopes, rigid bronchoscopes, carbon dioxide freezing, APC argon knife and other internationally advanced equipment to carry out interventions for various types of endotracheal lesions and carry out techniques such as foreign body removal, excision of benign and malignant hyperplasia, balloon dilation, stent placement and fistula closure, which have relieved the pain of numerous patients. Advantages: simple operation, safety, few complications, and good efficacy.