Tracheal stenosis combined with tracheoesophageal fistula is a complex tracheal disease, which is rarely reported in the literature. The patient is often combined with severe malnutrition and pulmonary infection, which makes clinical management very difficult, with high surgical difficulty and mortality. Recently, our thoracic surgery department treated a patient with severe tracheal stenosis combined with tracheoesophageal fistula, and the surgery was a complete success. The patient, Zhang, female, 16 years old, was admitted to the hospital with “shortness of breath with coughing and coughing and choking on water for 2 months”. The patient was rescued and tracheally intubated at a local hospital after accidentally ingesting pesticide 2 months ago, and after being discharged from the hospital, she started to have symptoms such as choking on water and coughing and shortness of breath, and was diagnosed with tracheal stenosis combined with esophageal tracheal fistula at a local hospital, and was successively referred to many hospitals in Wuhua County, Meizhou City and Guangzhou City, spending more than 100,000 yuan on medical expenses. The patient was left with tracheal intubation and gastric tube for 2 months, maintained nutrition only by nasal feeding, and lost 30 kg of weight. Finally, she was hospitalized in a large tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, and after several hospital-wide consultations, she was judged inoperable and finally advised to go home with a tracheal tube to continue conservative treatment after a tracheotomy. Was a young girl in her prime going to be unable to eat and pronounce through her mouth for the rest of her life? The patient and her family were in despair. When the patient and her family were ready to give up the treatment, they were introduced to Prof. Chen Gang of our thoracic surgery department by their colleagues in the industry. After carefully understanding the patient’s condition and related case data, Prof. Chen Gang concluded that the patient’s airway stenosis was 3cm long and combined with a tracheoesophageal fistula of about 2cm long, and the distal end of the stenosis had also undergone tracheotomy, so the condition was very complicated. After the transfer, the thoracic surgery department, with the support of the hospital leadership and the assistance of the director of the respiratory department Xu Yinji and the director of the anesthesiology department Zao Weixian, carefully discussed the condition and carefully prepared for the surgery, and performed tracheal stenosis resection + tracheoesophageal fistula resection + esophageal repair + tracheal end-to-end anastomosis on December 27, 2012. The patient was able to pronounce and talk normally on the day after surgery, and the neck drainage tube was removed on the third day after surgery and the patient started to import food on the seventh day after surgery. The patient’s feeding, swallowing and pronunciation functions have returned to normal, and the cough and sputum symptoms have disappeared without shortness of breath. We searched the domestic literature and found only one similar report of tracheal stenosis combined with esophagotracheal fistula, but all patients in this literature were operated in stages, and no report of simultaneous completion of tracheal stenosis resection, tracheoesophageal fistula repair + tracheal anastomosis has been seen in China.